Control of Sandstone Reservoir Physical Properties by Petrographic Assemblages：A Case Study from the Upper Palaeozoic Shibox and Shanxi Formation in the Su59 Block Area
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摘要:
河流三角洲发育多种类型岩相和岩相组合，不同岩相的砂岩物性有明显差异，但目前尚不明确岩相组合对储层物性的控制作用。笔者以苏59区块上古生界石盒子组和山西组为例，通过岩心观察、图像分析和薄片鉴定等实验方法，划分了研究区岩相类型和岩相组合，并明确了岩相组合的韵律结构，从岩石组成、成岩改造的差异上探讨了岩相组合对储层物性的控制作用。根据岩石粒度和沉积构造的研究，发现研究区苏59区块石盒子组和山西组砂岩来自北部多个物源，碎屑成分复杂、变化大。石盒子组和山西组发育5类岩相，粒序层理砾质粗砂岩、块状层理含砾粗砂岩、板状交错层理粗砂岩和块状层理粗砂岩为渗透率可达1×10−3 μm2以上，为有利岩相类型。根据岩相类型和韵律结构将岩相组合划分为复合韵律组合、正韵律组合和反韵律组合。其中，正韵律组合发育的有利岩相所占比例最高，为有利岩相组合。通过对3类分流河道岩相组合的岩石组成、压实和溶蚀作用程度差异对比研究，认为盒 8 段主要成岩作用为压实作用、硅质胶结、黏土矿物胶结、碳酸盐胶结和溶蚀作用。岩屑砂岩主要的成岩作用为压实作用和黏土胶结；岩屑石英砂岩的主要成岩作用为硅质胶结和溶蚀作用。其中正韵律组合中砂岩的杂基含量较低，压实作用相对较弱，溶蚀作用较强，是造成物性较好的主要原因。由于这类岩相组合中的砂岩具有粒度较粗且刚性碎屑颗粒含量较高的原始物质基础，导致原生孔得以保存，且为后期成岩流体提供了通道而发育较多铸模孔，因此粗-中粒砂岩正韵律组合是最有利的岩相组合类型。通过笔者的研究明确了研究区致密砂岩岩相组合对储层物性的控制作用，为河道相优质砂岩储层的勘探提供了重要依据。
Abstract:Various types of petrographic phases and petrographic assemblages are developed in the distributary channels of delta plain, and the sandstone physical properties of different petrographic phases have obvious distinction, but the control of petrographic assemblages on reservoir physical properties is not clear yet. In this paper, taking the Upper Paleozoic Shi Box and Shanxi Formations of the Su 59 Block as an exampl, we delineate the petrographic types and petrographic assemblages by means of core observation, image analysis and thin section identification, clarify the rhythmic structure of petrographic assemblages, and explore the control of petrographic assemblages on reservoir physical properties in terms of the differences in rock composition and rock-forming transformation. According to the rock grain size and sedimentary structure, the sandstones of the Su 59 Block Shibox and Shanxi Formations in the study area are derived from multiple sources in the north and have a complex and highly variable clastic composition. Five types of petrographic assemblages are developed in the Shi Box Formation and Shanxi Formation. The granularly laminated conglomeratic coarse sandstone, massive laminated conglomeratic coarse sandstone, platy interlaminated coarse sandstone and massive laminated coarse sandstone are favourable petrographic types with permeability up to 1×10−3 μm2 or more. The petrographic assemblages are classified into composite rhyolite assemblages, positive rhyolite assemblages and anti-rhyolite assemblages according to the petrographic type and rhyolite structure. Among them, the proportion of favourable petrographic assemblages developed in the positive rhyme assemblage is the highest, which is a favourable petrographic assemblage. A comparative study of the differences in rock composition, compaction and degree of dissolution in the three types of divergent channel lithological assemblages concluded that the lower content of miscellaneous bases in the sandstones, the main diagenetic processes in Box 8 are compaction, siliceous cementation, clay mineral cementation, carbonate cementation and dissolution. The main diagenetic processes in the rock chip sandstone are compaction and clay cementation; the main diagenetic processes in the rock chip quartz sandstone are siliceous cementation and dissolution. Of these relatively weak compaction and strong dissolution in the positive rhythm assemblages are the main reasons for the better physical properties. The coarse-medium grain sandstone orthorhynchogenic assemblage is the most favourable type of petrographic assemblage due to its coarse grain size and high content of rigid clastic grains in the original material base, resulting in the preservation of primary pores and the development of more cast pores by providing access for later diagenetic fluidsThe study in this paper clarifies the control of petrographic assemblage on reservoir properties, and provides an important basis for the exploration of high-quality sandstone reservoirs in the Delta plain divergent channel phase.
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Key words:
- Sulig Gas Field Ordos Basin /
- Shibox /
- Shanxi Formation /
- lithofacies assemblage /
- compaction /
- physical properties
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表 1 鄂尔多斯气田研究区主要岩相类型
Table 1. Main lithological types in the Ordos gas field study area
粒度分级 沉积构造 岩相类型 （含砾）粗砂岩 板状交错层理 板状交错层理粗砂岩 中砂岩 块状层理 块状层理中砂岩 平行层理 平行层理中砂岩 小型交错层理 小型交错层理中砂岩 细-中砂岩 平行层理 平行层理细-中砂岩 细砂岩 平行层理 平行层理细砂岩 粉砂岩 小型交错层理 小型交错层理细砂岩 
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