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摘要:
库尕德里金矿床位于哈萨克斯坦楚伊犁–天山成矿省楚伊犁成矿带之楚河–肯得克塔斯金、铅、锌、铜、钼成矿亚带，大地构造位置属于中亚造山带之哈萨克斯坦–准噶尔板块的穆云库姆–克齐尔库姆–伊犁微板块之肯得克塔斯地块。库尕德里金矿床为该区重要的大型矿床之一，该矿床成矿流体的研究，对深化矿床成因认识、区域成矿规律研究和找矿勘查工作有重要的指导意义。笔者在研究区地质调查和矿床地质特征研究的基础上，开展成矿阶段含矿石英脉流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼分析。结果表明：库尕德里金矿流体包裹体有C、W、S等3种类型；C型包裹体完全均一温度为278～421 ℃，盐度为0～13.9 wt%NaCleqv；W型包裹体完全均一温度为119～378 ℃，盐度为1.1～22.9 wt%NaCleqv；S型包裹体完全均一温度为136～327 ℃，盐度为29.1～31.0 wt%NaCleqv。成矿压力和深度估算结果表明：成矿压力为95～200 MPa，成矿深度约为2～5 km，成矿温度为290～380 ℃。结合矿床地质特征认为，库尕德里金矿成矿流体具有富CO2、中低盐度的变质流体特征，矿床成因为造山型金矿。
Abstract:The Kugadri gold deposit is located in the Chuhe-Kendektas gold, lead, zinc, copper and molybdenum metallogenic subzone of the Chuhe-Kendektas gold, lead, zinc, copper and molybdenum metallogenic subzone of the Chuyili-Tianshan metallogenic province in Kazakhstan. The geotectonic location belongs to the Muyunkumu-Kezirkumu-Ili microplate of the Kazakhstan-Junggar plate in the Central Asian orogenic belt. The Kugadri gold deposit is one of the important large deposits in this area. The study of the ore-forming fluid of the deposit has important guiding significance for deepening the understanding of the genesis of the deposit, the study of the regional metallogenic regularity and the prospecting and exploration work. Based on the geological survey of the mining area and the study of the geological characteristics of the deposit, this paper carried out the petrography, microthermometry and laser Raman analysis of ore-bearing quartz vein fluid inclusions in the metallogenic stage. The results show that there are three types of fluid inclusions in Kugadri gold deposit: C, W and S; the complete homogenization temperature of C-type inclusions is 278～421 ℃, and the salinity is 0～13.9 wt% NaCleqv. The complete homogenization temperature of W-type inclusions is 119～378 ℃, and the salinity is 1.1～22.9 wt% NaCleqv. The complete homogenization temperature of S-type inclusions is 136～327 ℃, and the salinity is 29.1～31.0 wt% NaCleqv. The estimation of metallogenic pressure and depth shows that the metallogenic pressure is 95～200 MPa, the metallogenic depth is about 2～5 km, and the metallogenic temperature is 290～380 ℃. Combined with the geological characteristics of the deposit, it is considered that the ore-forming fluid of the Kugadri gold deposit has the characteristics of CO2-rich, medium-low salinity metamorphic fluid, and the genesis of the deposit is orogenic gold deposit.
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Key words:
- fluid inclusion /
- Kugadri gold deposit /
- orogenic gold deposit /
- Kazakhstan
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图 12 造山型金矿、斑岩Cu-Au矿和浅成热液金矿的流体成分（底图据Ridley et al.，2000）
Figure 12.
表 1 库尕德里金矿床显微测温结果及相关参数
Table 1. Microthermometry results and related parameters of the Kugadri gold deposit
阶段 类型 数量 大小（μm） v/tot.
（%）φ（CO2）（%） Tm（cla）
（℃）Tm（ice）
（℃）盐度（wt%） Th（CO2）
（℃）Th
（℃）ρCO2
（g/cm3）ρTot.
（g/cm3）φ（CO2）气（%） Q1 Cl 79 6～20 10～50 −59.7～−56.6 1.4～9.4 1.2～13.9 21.2～30.9 278～418 0.32～0.75 0.71～0.97 5～80 Cv 41 8～12 50～80 −59.3～−56.6 1.9～10 0～13.4 24.6～30.9 284～421 0.28～0.67 0.53～0.86 10～80 W 14 6～12 10～45 −52.1～−39.2 −11.1～−0.6 1.1～15.1 298～378 0.64～0.87 Q2 W 45 5～20 5～50 −32.2～−25.6 −20.8～−0.9 1.6～22.9 119～294 0.78～1.09 S 12 6～14 5～25 29.1～31.2 136～327 1.00～1.27 注：v/Tot.为气相充填度；φ（CO2）为CO2相占包裹体总体积的百分数；φ（CO2）气为气相CO2占CO2相总体积的百分数；Tm（cla）为笼合物熔化温度；Th（CO2）为CO2部分均一温度；Tm（ice）为冰点温度；Th为完全均一温度。 
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表 2 库尕德里金矿床与典型造山型金矿床特征对比表
Table 2. Comparison table of the characteristics of the Kugadri gold deposit and the typical orogenic gold deposit
地质特征 典型造山型金矿（Groves et al.，1998） 库尕德里金矿床 大地构造背景 挤压和转换挤压背景 中亚造山带之哈萨克斯坦–准噶尔板块的穆云库姆–克齐尔库姆–伊犁微板块之肯得克塔斯地块 控矿构造 矿体严格受构造控制，多位于大型挤压构造的二级或三级构造内 研究区断裂构造发育，主要为NW向和NE向，其次为NEE向；矿体产于接触带近岩体一侧 矿石类型 以石英脉为主，含有≤3%～5%的硫化物和≤5%～15%的碳酸盐矿物 以石英闪长斑岩内的石英脉为主，硫化物含量≤3% 围岩蚀变 碳酸盐化、硫化物化和绿泥石化、绢云母化等 硅化、绢云母化和钾长石化 成矿流体 以CO2-H2O-NaCl土CH4组合为特征，富含CO2 CO2-H2O-NaCl，富含CO2 成矿温度 200～700 ℃ 290～380 ℃ 成矿流体盐度 3～10 wt%NaCleqv 0.0～15.1 wt%NaCleqv
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