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摘要:
地质剖面是地质研究的基本手段之一，随着实景三维技术快速发展，实景三维建模技术已逐渐应用于地质技术领域。笔者以数字相机、智能手机、无人机、多源遥感影像等可广泛获取的资源为基础对典型地质剖面进行实景三维模型获取和三维剖面测量研究分析，并引入投影方法和制图综合技术进行剖面测量、制图工作。与传统剖面相比，本研究地质剖面测量技术、测量成果具有严格的数学基础，工作成果具有明显的高精度、高效率等特征。因此，基于本研究实景三维地质剖面测量技术具较好的应用前景。
Abstract:Geological section is one of the basic means of geological research. With the rapid development of 3D technology, 3D modeling technology has been gradually applied to the field of geological technology. Based on widely available resources such as digital cameras, smart phones, unmanned aerial vehicles and multi-source remote sensing images, this paper studies and analyzes the real 3D model acquisition and 3D profile measurement of typical geological profiles, and introduces projection methods and cartographic synthesis technologies to conduct profile measurement and mapping. Compared with the traditional section, the geological section survey technology and survey results based on this study have a strict mathematical foundation, and the work results based on this study have obvious characteristics of high precision and efficiency, so the real 3D geological section survey technology has a good application prospect.
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Key words:
- real 3D /
- geological section /
- elevation projection /
- cartography synthesis
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表 1 实景三维与罗盘产状测量对比
Table 1. Comparison of real 3D and compass attitude measurement
序号 建模方法 实景三维 罗盘测量 差值 倾向 倾角 倾向 倾角 倾向 倾角 1 单反相机
近景摄影
建模113° 44° 118° 41° −5° 3° 2 134° 74° 133° 77° 1° −3° 3 121° 45° 124° 50° −3° −5° 4 106° 57° 113° 51° −7° 6° 5 109° 59° 102° 61° 7° −2° 6 125° 41° 114° 47° 11° −6° 1 无人机摄影
建模（图5f）189° 88° 187° 84° 2° 4° 2 182° 87° 181° 79° −1° 8° 3 358° 84° 1° 81° −3° 3° 4 189° 87° 192° 86° −3° 1° 5 275° 54° 279° 54° −4° 0° 
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表 2 制图比例与分辨率
Table 2. Mapping scale and resolution
制图比例 分辨率（m） 制图比例 分辨率（m） 1∶50 0.005 1∶500 0.05 1∶100 0.01 1∶ 1000 0.1 1∶250 0.025 1∶ 2000 0.2
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