Geochronology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of Miocene Quartz Monzonite from the Northern of Qitai Mountain in Western Kunlun
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摘要:
奇台达坂位于新疆西昆仑新藏公路540 km处，在其北侧分布有小规模的中酸性侵入岩，呈NE向展布，岩性主要为石英二长岩。笔者以西昆仑地区东段奇台达坂北石英二长岩侵入体为研究对象，进行岩石地球化学、锆石LA−ICP−MS U−Pb年代学分析。结果表明，石英二长岩锆石U−Pb年龄加权平均值为（10.4±0.2）Ma，形成时代为中新世；岩石具有高SiO2（63.16%～68.20%）、贫Al2O3（13.39%～15.47%）、高K2O（4.23%～5.24%）、低MgO（1.06%～1.49%）、低TiO2（0.60%～0.83%）、准铝质（A/CNK=0.83～0.90）的地球化学性质，具有A型花岗岩特征；富集K、Rb、Th、U而亏损Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素，相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素，δEu具明显的负异常特征。岩石的地球化学特征和构造环境判别图解均指示，石英二长岩可能形成于深部岩石圈强烈伸展的环境下，地壳深部形成高温低压环境，促使下地壳发生低程度部分熔融并沿深大断裂快速上升侵位，代表了板内伸展背景作用下的岩浆响应。
Abstract:Qitai Mountain is located in Xinjiang−Xizang Highway 540 km west of Xinjiang Kunlun area, there are small−scale medium acid intrusive rocks distributed around it, the lithology is mainly composed of the quartz monzonite. Here we present bulk-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Miocene quartz monzonite in Qitai Mountain in Western Kunlun in order to shed light on this issue. Zircon U–Pb dating yielded Miocene ages of (10.4 ± 0.3) Ma. Geochemically, this early Miocene quartz monzonite is A-type granites with high SiO2 (63.16%～68.20%), K2O (4.23%～5.24%), and low Al2O3 (13.39%～15.47%), MgO (1.06%～1.49%), TiO2 (0.60%～0.83%). They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs), large ion lithophile elements (LILEs, including K, Rb, Th, U, Ba and Sr), but depleted in high-field strength elements (Nb, Ta and Ti) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), and have obvious negative Eu anomalies. The geochemical characteristics of the rocks and the tectonic setting diagram indicate that the quartz monzonites may have been formed in an environment where the deep lithosphere was strongly extended, and a high temperature and low pressure environment was formed in the deep crust, which prompted a low degree of partial melting of the lower crust and rapid along deep and large faults. The uplift emplacement represents the magmatic response to the intraplate extensional background. We suggest that the Miocene magmas from the northern of Qita Mountain in Western Kunlun were likely sourced from low–degree partial melting of the lower crust with a high temperature and low pressure environment, there may have formed in the background of strong extension of the deep lithosphere, which promotes the magmas rapid uplift along deep and large faults.
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图 4 研究区石英二长岩TAS图解（据Middlemoet，1994）、SiO2-K2O图解（Peccerillo et al.，1976）、A/CNK-A/NK（据Maniar et al.，1989）图解、（Na2O+K2O-CaO）-SiO2图解（据Frost et al.，2001）
Figure 4.
图 5 研究区石英二长岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（据Boynton，1984）（a）和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配模式图（b）（据Sun et al.，1989）
Figure 5.
图 6 研究区石英二长岩Zr+Nb+Ce+Y-（K2O + Na2O）/CaO图解（据Whalen et al.，1987）
Figure 6.
图 7 研究区石英二长岩（Na2O+K2O+FeO+MgO+TiO2）－（Na2O+K2O）/（FeO+ MgO+TiO2）图解（a）和C/FM-A/MF（b）图解（Altherr et al.，2000）
Figure 7.
图 8 研究区石英二长岩(Y+Nb)-Rb（a）、Yb-Ta（b）（据Pearce et al.，1984）和Nb-Y-Ce图解（c）（Eby，1992）
Figure 8.
表 1 研究区石英二长岩LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学测试结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of the quartz monzonite in the study area
分析点 Pb Th U Th/U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 207Pb/206Pb年龄 207Pb/235U年龄 206Pb/238U年龄 含量（10−6） 比值（±1σ） 比值（±1σ） 比值（±1σ） 比值（±1σ） 比值（±1σ） 比值（±1σ） PM013/1-01 9 651 569 1.14 0.08648 0.00902 0.00157 0.00004 0.01871 0.00191 1349 189 19 2 10 0 PM013/1-02 10 415 646 0.64 0.05466 0.0107 0.00164 0.00004 0.01235 0.00241 398 388 13 2 11 0 PM013/1-03 11 991 734 1.35 0.05148 0.00331 0.00157 0.00003 0.01114 0.0007 263 141 11 1 10 0 PM013/1-04 6 323 349 0.93 0.05782 0.00791 0.00156 0.00005 0.01243 0.00165 523 275 13 2 10 0 PM013/1-05 7 455 533 0.85 0.05435 0.00569 0.0016 0.00004 0.01199 0.00122 385 220 12 1 10 0 PM013/1-06 9 866 528 1.64 0.19614 0.04066 0.00169 0.00012 0.04581 0.00898 2794 304 46 9 11 1 PM013/1-07 9 719 925 0.78 0.05401 0.00983 0.00161 0.00007 0.01198 0.00212 372 365 12 2 10 0 PM013/1-08 8 304 253 1.20 0.06046 0.01499 0.00171 0.0001 0.0143 0.00344 620 460 14 3 11 1 PM013/1-09 6 629 562 1.12 0.14262 0.01809 0.00177 0.00008 0.03481 0.00413 2259 204 35 4 11 1 PM013/1-10 6 484 543 0.89 0.04832 0.00725 0.00194 0.00007 0.01294 0.00189 115 320 13 2 13 0 PM013/1-11 8 652 578 1.13 0.05357 0.00399 0.00162 0.00003 0.01195 0.00087 353 160 12 1 10 0 PM013/1-12 6 531 478 1.11 0.0695 0.01088 0.00148 0.00006 0.01423 0.00215 914 293 14 2 10 0 PM013/1-13 5 5320 459 11.58 0.04757 0.01564 0.00157 0.00004 0.01031 0.00338 77 638 10 3 10 0 PM013/1-14 5 657 480 1.37 0.05351 0.00959 0.00172 0.00007 0.01273 0.00222 350 361 13 2 11 0 PM013/1-15 11 269 122 2.20 0.04872 0.00773 0.00157 0.00006 0.01057 0.00164 134 335 11 2 10 0 PM013/1-16 10 386 658 0.59 0.04973 0.00949 0.00162 0.00007 0.01109 0.00207 182 393 11 2 10 0 PM013/1-17 10 958 924 1.04 0.18984 0.01484 0.00174 0.00006 0.04569 0.00328 2741 123 45 3 11 0 PM013/1-18 12 1523 1232 1.24 0.10708 0.02491 0.00171 0.00008 0.02525 0.00576 1750 374 25 6 11 1 PM013/1-19 7 585 765 0.76 0.04712 0.00869 0.00177 0.00006 0.0115 0.00209 55 389 12 2 11 0 PM013/1-20 7 646 643 1.00 0.07635 0.0078 0.00168 0.00005 0.01772 0.00175 1104 192 18 2 11 0 PM013/1-21 6 558 489 1.14 0.0473 0.00786 0.00178 0.00005 0.01162 0.00191 64 355 12 2 12 0 PM013/1-22 7 426 422 1.01 0.06949 0.00799 0.00159 0.00005 0.01522 0.00169 913 221 15 2 10 0 PM013/1-23 7 684 750 0.91 0.0595 0.01939 0.00155 0.00008 0.0127 0.00409 586 584 13 4 10 1 PM013/1-24 6 822 634 1.30 0.08137 0.00977 0.00168 0.00006 0.01881 0.00218 1231 219 19 2 11 0 PM013/1-25 13 469 568 0.83 0.50977 0.0181 0.00501 0.00011 0.35227 0.01063 4270 51 306 8 32 1 PM013/1-26 6 543 637 0.85 0.07568 0.00898 0.00173 0.00006 0.01807 0.00207 1087 221 18 2 11 0 PM013/1-27 6 759 643 1.18 0.0544 0.00966 0.00155 0.00003 0.01167 0.00206 388 356 12 2 10 0 PM013/1-28 4 327 542 0.60 0.06892 0.02428 0.00156 0.00011 0.01487 0.00514 896 596 15 5 10 1 PM013/1-29 7 590 621 0.95 0.0467 0.0106 0.00165 0.00006 0.01061 0.00238 34 469 11 2 11 0 PM013/1-30 6 432 445 0.97 0.06239 0.01265 0.0017 0.00009 0.01461 0.00287 687 382 15 3 11 1 PM013/1-31 6 567 367 1.54 0.06695 0.01486 0.00178 0.00007 0.01648 0.0036 836 405 17 4 12 0 PM013/1-32 9 785 686 1.14 0.21236 0.02295 0.0019 0.00009 0.05582 0.00548 2924 165 55 5 12 1 PM013/1-33 9 598 656 0.91 0.05813 0.02386 0.00166 0.00008 0.01334 0.00544 534 711 14 5 11 0 PM013/1-34 7 876 776 1.13 0.06335 0.00781 0.00164 0.00005 0.01437 0.00172 720 242 15 2 11 0 PM013/1-35 7 578 665 0.87 0.05225 0.00625 0.00166 0.00004 0.01194 0.00141 296 252 12 1 11 0 PM013/1-36 7 643 869 0.74 0.04626 0.00775 0.00173 0.00003 0.01107 0.00185 11 360 11 2 11 0 
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表 2 研究区石英二长岩主量元素(%)、稀土元素以及微量元素(10−6)分析结果
Table 2. Major elements(%), rare earth elements(10−6) and trace elements compositions of the quartz monzonite in the study area
样品编号 PM017/1 PM017/2 PM017/3 PM017/4 PM013/1 岩性 石英二长岩 SiO2 68.20 66.52 66.59 67.97 63.16 TiO2 0.65 0.73 0.67 0.60 0.83 Al2O3 13.39 13.42 13.67 13.83 15.47 Fe2O3 1.89 1.97 2.12 1.98 2.63 FeO 2.58 2.79 2.36 2.08 2.19 MnO 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.13 MgO 1.15 1.23 1.12 1.06 1.49 CaO 2.33 2.74 2.55 2.27 2.52 Na2O 3.67 3.81 3.92 3.79 4.63 K2O 4.23 4.49 4.97 4.60 5.24 P2O5 0.26 0.34 0.28 0.30 0.35 LOI 1.05 1.23 1.10 1.01 0.87 Σ 99.48 99.36 99.44 99.57 99.51 TFe2O3 4.76 5.07 4.74 4.29 5.06 K2O/Na2O 1.15 1.18 1.27 1.21 1.13 ALK 7.90 8.30 8.89 8.39 9.87 Mg# 36 36 36 37 41 AR 3.02 3.11 3.43 3.18 3.43 A/NK 1.26 1.21 1.16 1.23 1.16 A/CNK 0.90 0.83 0.83 0.90 0.87 DI 81 81 83 83 81 TZr（℃） 821 831 808 832 853 σ 2.45 2.89 3.31 2.79 4.76 A/MF 2.51 2.39 2.49 2.75 2.29 C/MF 0.80 0.89 0.84 0.82 0.68 Sr 529 545 534 538 1042 Zr 306 338 264 343 426 Ba 484 569 627 586 1364 Rb 247 237 246 260 202 Th 87.2 53.2 55.0 63.8 44.1 U 5.32 5.63 5.21 4.23 8.55 Nb 61.9 67.3 49.9 51.6 44.7 Ta 10.0 12.0 5.76 7.95 3.34 La 162 120 96.1 112 159 Ce 263 223 184 193 324 Pr 24.1 22.8 19.2 18.4 34.6 Nd 74.8 76.7 65.9 60.6 118 Sm 10.3 11.5 10.2 8.89 17.7 Eu 1.57 1.69 1.61 1.32 2.97 Gd 9.47 10.6 9.00 8.07 15.6 Tb 0.71 0.94 0.84 0.72 1.40 Dy 3.46 4.87 4.22 3.64 6.66 Ho 0.54 0.78 0.66 0.60 1.04 Er 1.79 2.39 2.10 1.97 3.45 Tm 0.20 0.29 0.24 0.23 0.35 Yb 1.54 2.13 1.72 1.72 2.50 Lu 0.22 0.29 0.22 0.24 0.36 Y 16.4 22.6 19.6 17.8 33.0 ΣREE 554.00 477.68 396.01 411.00 687.53 LREE 536.07 455.39 377.01 393.81 656.17 HREE 17.93 22.29 19.00 17.19 31.36 LREE/HREE 29.90 20.43 19.84 22.91 20.92 (La/Yb)N 70.97 37.82 37.67 43.74 42.96 (La/Sm)N 9.90 6.54 5.93 7.90 5.66 (Gd/Yb)N 4.96 4.02 4.22 3.79 5.04 δEu 0.48 0.46 0.50 0.47 0.54
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