Groundwater Source Identification Based on Hydrochemistry and D, 18O Isotopes in a Mine in Western Henan Province
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摘要:
笔者通过对研究区进行水文调查，发现坑道内地下水均为构造裂隙水，并分别在丰水期和枯水期对地表水和坑道水进行了针对性的采样分析。水化学特征显示，地表水中阴阳离子随丰水期和枯水期而发生变化显著，而地下水阴阳离子含量变化小，水化学性质较为稳定。通过对2021年420中段丰水期涌水量和同位素与水库水对比分析，推测在特殊水文年水库水参与该中段地下水活动。而其余地段地表水与地下水的水化学特征和D、18O同位素含量均有较大区别，说明地表水参与地下水活动不显著。综上所述，研究区地下水具有较为独立的含水系统，主要接受岩层内构造裂隙水补给，平时基岩裂隙水和溪沟水补给水库水，当遇到大暴雨，水库水位上升至大于地下水位时，才会反补地下水，推测在水库水位大于535 m时，地表水参与个别中段地下水活动，但涌水总量不大，整体可控。
Abstract:Through the hydrology survey of the study area, the groundwater in the tunnel is found to be structural fissure water, the surface water and tunnel water are sampled and analyzed in the wet season and dry season respectively. The hydrochemical characteristics show that the anions and cations in surface water change significantly with the high and low water periods. However, the changes in the content of anions and cations in groundwater are small, and the chemical properties of the water are relatively stable. By comparing and analyzing the water inflow and isotopes of 420 section and reservoir in wet season of 2021, it is speculated that the reservoir water participates in groundwater activities in this section during special hydrological years. However, there are significant differences in the hydrochemical and D, 18O isotope characteristics between surface water and groundwater in other areas, indicating that the participation of surface water in groundwater activities is not significant. In summary, the groundwater in the study area has a relatively independent aquifer system, mainly supplied by structural fissure water within the rock layers. At ordinary times, bedrock fissure water and brook water supply the reservoir water. When encountering a heavy rainstorm, the reservoir water level will rise above the groundwater level, and then the groundwater will be replenished. It is speculated that when the water level of the reservoir is greater than 535 m, surface water participates in individual groundwater activities in the individual section, but the total amount of water inflow is not large and overall controllable
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Key words:
- surface water /
- groundwater /
- structural fissure water /
- hydrochemistry /
- D, 18O isotope
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表 1 研究区水化学和D、18O同位素测定表
Table 1. Water chemistry and D, 18O isotope measurements in the study area
样号 日期 采样地点 分析项目（mg/L） PH 舒卡列夫分类 稳定同位素 类型 Na++K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl− SO42− HCO3− TDS 总硬度 永久
硬度总碱度 δD（‰） δ18O（‰） SY-01 202110 420 m中段天井 133.40 88.38 28.31 49.28 370.31 209.91 774.6 337.0 165.0 172.0 8.10 HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca-A −68 −9.6 地下水 SY-02 202110 420 m中段CM防水门 238.28 83.37 14.82 59.20 435.15 305.71 983.7 269.0 18.5 250.5 7.60 HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca-A − − 地下水 SY-03 202110 420 m中段采空区 129.26 93.19 26.73 46.09 376.07 203.81 773.2 342.5 175.5 167.0 8.20 HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca-A − − 地下水 SY-04 202110 近研究区侧水库岸边 11.27 53.91 11.91 9.93 64.84 154.38 229.1 183.5 57.0 126.5 8.00 HCO3·SO4-Ca-A −68 −9.9 地表水 SY-06 202111 矿区周边水井（深2.5 m） 13.81 111.02 16.40 22.33 60.52 274.59 455.5 344.5 119.5 225.0 7.60 HCO3-Ca-A − − 浅层地下水 SY-07 202111 450 m中段采场 48.53 88.38 50.54 18.08 293.94 247.13 623.0 428.5 226.0 202.5 8.25 HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg-A −61 −8.8 地下水 SY-08 202111 160 m中段延脉掘进面 216.20 19.64 2.92 41.12 223.34 293.51 650.0 61.0 0 240.5 8.00 HCO3·SO4-Na-A −72 −10.0 地下水 SY-09 202111 10 m中段 290.26 29.46 5.95 98.55 363.59 258.11 916.9 98.0 0 211.5 8.10 HCO3·SO4-Na-A −79 −10.7 地下水 SY-10 202111 水库中央 − − − − − − − − − − − − −68 −9.8 地表水 SY-11 202111 水库中央 8.65 58.72 16.28 6.74 82.13 165.97 616.8 477.5 244.0 233.5 7.90 HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg-A −68 −9.8 地表水 SY-12 202111 水库中央 − − − − − − − − − − − − −67 −9.8 地表水 SY-13 202111 地表沟谷溪流 1.84 68.54 8.87 6.74 58.60 172.08 230.6 207.5 66.5 141.0 8.00 HCO3·SO4-Ca-A −63 −9.3 地表水 SY-14 202112 矿区周边水井（深5 m） 9.47 49.10 8.99 6.74 35.54 137.91 208.7 159.5 46.5 113.0 7.30 HCO3-Ca-A − − 浅层地下水 SY-15 202204 380 m中段钻孔 293.02 36.87 2.92 73.03 365.51 314.25 928.5 104.0 0 257.5 7.70 HCO3·SO4-Na-A −74 −10.2 地下水 SY-25 202204 380 m中段泄水孔（水来自420 m中段防水门） 212.52 85.77 22.36 62.04 430.35 283.74 954.9 306.0 73.5 232.5 8.10 HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca-A −70 −9.7 地下水 SY-26 202204 近研究区侧水库岸边 64.86 66.13 22.36 28.71 168.10 222.72 461.5 257.0 74.5 182.5 7.90 HCO3·SO4-Na·Ca-A −65 −9.1 地表水 
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