Tectonic Setting and Provenance of Sandstones from Triassic Daheba Formation in the West Qinling Orogenic Belt

LI Kangning; TANG Qingyan; LUAN Xiaogang; WANG Yuxi; DENG Xiaohua; YANG Zongfeng

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2024035

Tectonic Setting and Provenance of Sandstones from Triassic Daheba Formation in the West Qinling Orogenic Belt

1.
1 1. 兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院，甘肃兰州　730000

1.
1 ¹School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

2.
2 2. 甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第三地质矿产勘查院，甘肃兰州　730050

2.
2 ²Third Institute Geological and Mineral Exploration of Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China

3.
3 3. 夏河县冰华矿业有限责任公司，甘肃甘南　747100

3.
3 ³Binghua Mining Limited Liability Company of Xiahe County, Gannan 747100, Gansu, China

4.
4 4. 长安大学地球科学与资源学院，陕西西安　710064

4.
4 ⁴School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064, Shaanxi, China

Fund Project: 甘肃省重点人才项目（2023）“金川超大型铜镍硫化物矿床钴元素赋存状态及成矿机制研究”，自然资源部黄河上游战略性矿产资源重点实验室开放课题资助项目（YSMRKF202201），甘肃省科技计划（22YF7GA050），甘肃省地质勘查基金项目（202202-D01），甘肃省自然资源厅科技创新项目（202201）联合资助

Received Date: 01 May 2023

Revised Date: 19 March 2024

Accepted Date: 25 March 2024

Publish Date: 20 June 2024

摘要

Abstract:
The Daheba formation is the latest strata exposed in the Xiahe-Luqu area of the West Qinling Orogenic Belt (WQOB), with recording the Indosinian regression event. In this study, based on the stratigraphic sequence characteristics, major and trace element compositions and zircon U-Pb dating of the sandstone, we traced the origin of the sandstone and explored the tectonic settings of the Daheba Formation. The Daheba Formation consists of feldspar sandstone, lithic feldspar sandstone, conglomerate clastic feldspar sandstone. The SiO₂ content of sandstone range from 64.11% to 68.72% with an average of 65.45%. The sandstones are also characterized by high Al₂O₃ (13.61%～15.19%), lower Fe₂O₃ (0.82%～1.72%), CaO (2.393%～3.32%) and MgO (0.06%～0.1%) contents. They have high rare earth elements (REE) range from 184.13×10⁻⁶ to 434.06×10⁻⁶, and show negative Eu anomaly in the chondrite normalized diagram. They also have similar Th, Zr, Ti, and Co, Ni compositions with that of active continental margin sediments. The detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the sandstones are mainly concentrated in 253.3～448.7 Ma, 1536～2067 Ma and 2204～2520 Ma, and show five age peaks at 278.2 Ma, 448.5 Ma, 1757.6 Ma, 1986.4 Ma and 2445 Ma, with the youngest ages at 253.3 Ma. These indicates that the Daheba Formation was deposited in an active continental margin setting, and the detritus originated from the upper crust igneous rocks. The main sources for the detritus is possibly of the basement of the northern Qinling, the eastern part of the Qilian, and the southern edge of the North China Plate in the northern parts of the study area with small parts from the magmatic rocks and polycyclic sediments in the West Qinling.

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样品编号	YQ-5	YQ-6	YQ-7	YQ-8	样品编号	YQ-5	YQ-6	YQ-7	YQ-8
岩石名称	岩屑长石砂岩	长石砂岩	岩屑长石砂岩	长石砂岩	岩石名称	岩屑长石砂岩	长石砂岩	岩屑长石砂岩	长石砂岩
SiO₂	64.14	68.27	65.28	64.11	V	89.5	82.8	85.6	84.8
TiO₂	0.56	0.4	0.52	0.54	La	102.86	41.35	42.78	45.6
Al₂O₃	14.66	13.61	14.58	15.19	Ce	190.74	78.57	80.42	87.06
Fe₂O₃	1.35	1.12	0.82	1.72	Pr	20.32	8.71	8.98	9.57
FeO	3.42	2.85	3.19	2.36	Nd	73.09	31.92	32.97	34.91
MnO	0.1	0.06	0.07	0.08	Sm	12.62	6.05	6	6.11
MgO	0.1	0.06	0.07	0.08	Eu	2.35	1.24	1.3	1.27
CaO	3.32	2.39	3.18	3.32	Gd	10.07	4.9	4.91	4.95
Na₂O	2.9	3.23	3.01	3.13	Tb	1.41	0.71	0.7	0.68
K₂O	2.29	2.15	2.41	2.46	Dy	8.41	4.34	4.23	4.08
P₂O₅	0.22	0.15	0.15	0.16	Ho	1.62	0.83	0.81	0.78
H₂O⁺	2.71	2.05	2.57	2.6	Er	4.81	2.47	2.39	2.32
LOI	4.96	4.3	4.68	5.26	Tm	0.66	0.35	0.33	0.31
Total	100.73	100.63	100.55	101	Yb	4.44	2.35	2.2	2.11
Cs	3.76	5.2	7.16	4.81	Lu	0.65	0.34	0.32	0.3
Rb	100	91.4	92.7	81.0	Y	39.44	20.37	20.03	19.73
Ba	519	434	502	466	Fe₂O₃^T	5.15	4.29	4.37	4.35
Th	19.2	17.4	15.5	18.4	Fe₂O₃/K₂O	0.59	0.52	0.34	0.7
U	4.26	2.68	2.32	2.12	Fe₂O₃^T+MgO	5.26	4.35	4.44	4.42
Nb	20.5	13.2	12.4	11.2	Al₂O₃/SiO₂	0.23	0.2	0.22	0.24
Ta	1.56	1.05	1.03	0.84	K₂O/Na₂O	0.79	0.66	0.8	0.78
Sr	190	222	388	286	Al₂O₃/（CaO+Na₂O）	2.36	2.42	2.35	2.35
Zr	586	334	244	246	ΣREE	434.06	184.13	188.35	200
Hf	11.6	9.2	8.2	7.5	LREE/HREE	12.53	10.3	10.85	11.88
Li	41.8	46.2	40.2	35.2	La/Yb	23.17	17.57	19.44	21.6
Sc	13.2	10.6	10.8	11	（La/Yb）_N	2.19	1.66	1.83	2.04
Ga	20	17.4	16.2	15.3	δEu	0.62	0.67	0.71	0.68
Tl	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.4	Sc/Cr	0.2	0.18	0.18	0.19
Co	13	11	11.2	10.4	Th/Sr	0.1	0.08	0.04	0.06
Cr	65.3	58.9	59	58.3	Th/U	4.51	6.49	6.68	8.68
Ni	22.8	21.4	23	20.3	Zr/Hf	50.52	36.3	29.76	32.8

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测点号	元素含量			Th/U	同位素比值						同位素年龄（Ma）						谐和度（%）
	Pb （10⁻⁶）	Th （10⁻⁶）	U （10⁻⁶）		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U
	Pb （10⁻⁶）	Th （10⁻⁶）	U （10⁻⁶）		测值	2σ	测值	2σ	测值	2σ	测值	1σ	测值	1σ	测值	1σ
TW - 1	14.5	51.5	37.5	1.37	0.1140	0.0027	4.2500	0.1100	0.2692	0.0030	1845.0	43.0	1678.0	22.0	1536.0	15.0	91
TW - 2	164	149	497	0.30	0.1071	0.0009	4.3040	0.0590	0.2900	0.0022	1749.0	16.0	1694.2	11.0	1642.5	11.0	97
TW - 3	2.00	9.50	15.4	0.62	0.0776	0.0080	1.2000	0.1200	0.1143	0.0038	990.0	200.0	792.0	50.0	697.0	22.0	87
TW - 4	34.3	63.4	510	0.12	0.0554	0.0011	0.4960	0.0120	0.0646	0.0007	408.0	44.0	407.8	7.8	403.5	4.2	99
TW - 5	60.1	22.9	150	0.15	0.1226	0.0013	6.1180	0.1000	0.3607	0.0033	1990.0	19.0	1991.0	14.0	1985.0	15.0	100
TW - 6	32.3	45.6	84.7	0.54	0.1137	0.0017	4.9370	0.0930	0.3141	0.0028	1848.0	28.0	1807.0	16.0	1761.0	14.0	97
TW - 7	37.0	106	70.2	1.51	0.1208	0.0017	5.9820	0.1100	0.3577	0.0036	1963.0	25.0	1970.0	16.0	1971.0	17.0	100
TW - 8	3.10	16.2	56.2	0.29	0.0545	0.0037	0.3890	0.0270	0.0516	0.0009	300.0	140.0	328.0	20.0	324.3	5.5	99
TW - 9	1.10	22.4	19.0	1.17	0.0499	0.0067	0.2900	0.0370	0.0442	0.0011	-90.0	230.0	250.0	30.0	278.4	7.0	89
TW - 10	27.1	112	103	1.08	0.0779	0.0017	2.1050	0.0500	0.1956	0.0020	1123.0	43.0	1149.0	16.0	1151.2	11.0	100
TW - 11	74.7	103	199	0.52	0.1117	0.0012	4.8500	0.0820	0.3128	0.0029	1823.0	19.0	1791.0	14.0	1754.0	14.0	98
TW - 12	9.10	228	159	1.43	0.0523	0.0025	0.2890	0.0140	0.0401	0.0005	260.0	100.0	257.0	11.0	253.3	3.2	99
TW - 13	40.7	45.7	96.7	0.47	0.1216	0.0016	5.9110	0.1000	0.3520	0.0036	1973.0	24.0	1961.0	15.0	1944.0	17.0	99
TW - 14	34.0	89.2	83.2	1.07	0.1097	0.0020	4.7020	0.1000	0.3107	0.0037	1786.0	33.0	1765.0	18.0	1744.0	18.0	99
TW - 15	17.5	37.4	42.9	0.87	0.1070	0.0027	4.6700	0.1300	0.3156	0.0037	1718.0	49.0	1752.0	24.0	1769.0	19.0	99
TW - 16	6.90	33.2	11.8	2.81	0.1106	0.0056	4.6900	0.2400	0.3071	0.0062	1720.0	100.0	1742.0	44.0	1724.0	31.0	99
TW - 17	33.9	76.3	775	0.10	0.0530	0.0010	0.3113	0.0069	0.0425	0.0004	312.0	42.0	274.8	5.3	268.6	2.4	98
TW - 18	103	103	226	0.45	0.1254	0.0011	6.5670	0.0950	0.3781	0.0033	2033.0	16.0	2053.6	13.0	2067.0	15.0	99
TW - 19	32.1	48.2	87.5	0.55	0.1026	0.0016	4.3270	0.0820	0.3041	0.0029	1661.0	29.0	1695.0	16.0	1711.0	14.0	99
TW - 21	7.70	12.7	18.8	0.68	0.1144	0.0031	5.2600	0.1600	0.3316	0.0049	1844.0	52.0	1854.0	25.0	1844.0	24.0	99
TW - 22	10.6	14.3	26.6	0.54	0.1104	0.0026	5.0900	0.1300	0.3328	0.0046	1782.0	43.0	1827.0	22.0	1851.0	22.0	99
TW - 23	45.4	68.3	69.1	0.99	0.1633	0.0020	10.8300	0.1900	0.4786	0.0047	2484.0	20.0	2505.0	16.0	2520.0	21.0	99
TW - 24	7.40	33.1	101	0.33	0.0534	0.0024	0.4950	0.0230	0.0668	0.0009	301.0	93.0	406.0	15.0	416.9	5.6	97
TW - 25	71.9	104	230	0.45	0.1041	0.0015	3.8990	0.0790	0.2717	0.0033	1697.0	25.0	1614.0	17.0	1549.0	17.0	96
TW - 26	38.7	146	63.5	2.29	0.1225	0.0020	6.1750	0.1200	0.3647	0.0036	1988.0	30.0	1998.0	17.0	2004.0	17.0	100
TW - 27	17.8	14.5	42.4	0.34	0.1232	0.0025	6.1600	0.1300	0.3625	0.0042	1994.0	36.0	1995.0	19.0	1993.0	20.0	100
TW - 28	31.9	144	56.2	2.56	0.1129	0.0019	5.0170	0.1000	0.3222	0.0031	1834.0	31.0	1820.0	17.0	1800.0	15.0	99
TW - 29	112	141	286	0.49	0.1142	0.0011	5.1740	0.0770	0.3276	0.0029	1862.0	17.0	1848.1	13.0	1827.0	14.0	99
TW - 30	25.2	48.9	50.6	0.97	0.1168	0.0053	5.9000	0.2800	0.3602	0.0056	1907.0	76.0	1953.0	44.0	1983.0	26.0	98
TW - 31	14.1	206	261	0.79	0.0518	0.0017	0.3150	0.0110	0.0441	0.0005	239.0	69.0	276.9	8.3	277.9	2.8	100
TW - 32	30.1	79.8	60.8	1.31	0.1164	0.0019	5.6090	0.1100	0.3489	0.0034	1894.0	29.0	1915.0	17.0	1929.0	16.0	99
TW - 33	10.1	59.1	134	0.44	0.0540	0.0020	0.4770	0.0180	0.0620	0.0007	315.0	78.0	393.0	12.0	388.0	4.4	99
TW - 34	3.7	95.4	53.8	1.77	0.0508	0.0040	0.3080	0.0230	0.0444	0.0008	120.0	150.0	268.0	19.0	279.8	4.8	96
TW - 35	27.7	83.5	62.2	1.34	0.1096	0.0018	4.7190	0.0930	0.3118	0.0033	1780.0	30.0	1767.0	17.0	1749.0	16.0	99
TW - 36	129	117	229	0.51	0.1440	0.0017	8.9100	0.1800	0.4311	0.0059	2273.0	20.0	2327.0	18.0	2310.0	27.0	99
TW - 37	29.4	36.3	82.0	0.44	0.1077	0.0016	4.5660	0.0860	0.3077	0.0031	1753.0	27.0	1740.0	16.0	1729.0	15.0	99
TW - 38	2.30	1.30	6.00	0.21	0.1185	0.0057	5.5500	0.2600	0.3429	0.0073	1871.0	87.0	1891.0	40.0	1897.0	35.0	100
TW - 39	2.70	61.3	48.7	1.26	0.0491	0.0037	0.2770	0.0210	0.0410	0.0007	80.0	150.0	243.0	16.0	259.0	4.2	94
TW - 40	22.2	54.3	48.7	1.12	0.1133	0.0021	5.2550	0.1100	0.3363	0.0034	1838.0	34.0	1857.0	18.0	1868.0	16.0	99
TW - 41	55.3	116	90.7	1.28	0.1482	0.0016	8.7300	0.1400	0.4262	0.0040	2323.0	19.0	2309.0	15.0	2288.0	18.0	99
TW - 42	12.7	61.4	158	0.39	0.0568	0.0017	0.5640	0.0180	0.0721	0.0008	441.0	68.0	452.0	12.0	448.7	4.5	99
TW - 43	5.40	59.1	112	0.53	0.0511	0.0029	0.3010	0.0170	0.0425	0.0007	180.0	110.0	264.0	14.0	268.5	4.2	98
TW - 45	9.10	23.0	59.7	0.38	0.0643	0.0021	1.2000	0.0410	0.1348	0.0015	695.0	70.0	794.0	19.0	815.0	8.5	97
TW - 46	5.90	80.0	108	0.74	0.0528	0.0029	0.3210	0.0180	0.0443	0.0006	230.0	110.0	279.0	14.0	279.3	3.8	100
TW - 47	17.5	35.4	42.5	0.83	0.1127	0.0023	4.9730	0.1100	0.3209	0.0033	1829.0	38.0	1814.0	19.0	1794.0	16.0	99
TW - 48	15.3	251	307	0.82	0.0516	0.0017	0.2853	0.0097	0.0403	0.0005	225.0	70.0	253.8	7.6	254.8	3.0	100
TW - 49	36.1	177	57.5	3.08	0.1129	0.0021	5.1670	0.1100	0.3317	0.0034	1836.0	33.0	1845.0	18.0	1846.0	16.0	100
TW - 50	37.1	94.4	72.5	1.30	0.1232	0.0019	6.1300	0.1200	0.3598	0.0037	1996.0	27.0	1990.0	17.0	1981.0	17.0	100
TW - 51	66.3	90.1	124	0.73	0.1512	0.0016	8.6500	0.1400	0.4143	0.0036	2354.0	18.0	2299.0	15.0	2234.0	16.0	97
TW - 52	1.20	4.70	14.6	0.32	0.0543	0.0058	0.5250	0.0550	0.0711	0.0019	170.0	200.0	412.0	38.0	442.0	12.0	93
TW - 53	48.7	59.9	94.3	0.64	0.1545	0.0025	8.6300	0.1800	0.4079	0.0055	2395.0	27.0	2297.0	19.0	2204.0	25.0	96
TW - 54	6.80	4.80	118	0.04	0.0535	0.0022	0.4170	0.0170	0.0564	0.0007	298.0	89.0	351.0	12.0	353.8	4.0	99
TW - 55	6.40	17.6	14.0	1.26	0.1141	0.0040	5.1800	0.1900	0.3276	0.0050	1826.0	66.0	1838.0	33.0	1825.0	24.0	99
TW - 56	105	51.5	196	0.26	0.1720	0.0023	11.0200	0.2700	0.4649	0.0069	2574.0	22.0	2522.0	23.0	2460.0	30.0	98
TW - 57	92.4	91.2	159	0.57	0.1642	0.0013	10.4700	0.1600	0.4615	0.0039	2497.0	13.0	2475.4	14.0	2446.0	17.0	99
TW - 58	1.80	20.5	31.1	0.66	0.0505	0.0049	0.3400	0.0320	0.0490	0.0012	50.0	180.0	286.0	24.0	308.1	7.5	93
TW - 59	18.7	52.7	254	0.21	0.0551	0.0015	0.5260	0.0150	0.0692	0.0007	379.0	62.0	427.3	10.0	431.5	4.0	99
TW - 60	18.6	31.6	47.4	0.67	0.1080	0.0022	4.7220	0.0990	0.3174	0.0032	1747.0	37.0	1767.0	18.0	1776.0	16.0	99
TW - 61	58.8	687	1021	0.67	0.0530	0.0008	0.3472	0.0071	0.0475	0.0004	317.0	37.0	302.3	5.3	299.1	2.6	99

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Tectonic Setting and Provenance of Sandstones from Triassic Daheba Formation in the West Qinling Orogenic Belt

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