Research on Location and Prediction Technology of Fluorite Deposits in Shallow Desert Coverage Area
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摘要:
北山地区是中国西北部重要的萤石成矿带，区内成矿地质条件优越，但地处戈壁荒漠，受浅覆盖层影响，地表仅可观察到极少量露头，需开展综合地球物理研究为区域成矿潜力及覆盖区下方矿脉赋存空间进行定位预测研究。以北山成矿带东段花石头山地区为示范，采用高精度磁法、激电中梯、地面伽马能谱测量、便携式X射线荧光分析及音频大地电磁测深等技术手段进行综合探测，其中面积性激电和磁法工作可有效识别隐伏赋矿空间分布，地面伽马能谱测量、便携式X射线荧光分析约束赋矿空间的矿化异常，音频大地电磁测深构建了隐伏萤石矿赋存位置深部结构模型，并通过工程验证方法组合的有效性。本研究建立了综合地质-地球物理定位预测技术方法组合，可为北山成矿带及戈壁荒漠浅覆盖区萤石矿定位预测提供理论和技术支持。
Abstract:The Beishan region, located in the northwest of China, is a significant fluorite metallogenic belt. Despite favorable metallogenic geological conditions in the area, the Gobi Desert's shallow cover layers result in minimal outcrops at the surface. Therefore, comprehensive geophysical studies are necessary to explore the regional metallogenetic potentiality and locate mineral veins beneath the cover layers. An example of this exploration is the Huashitou area in the eastern segment of the Beishan metallogenic belt. A combination of high-precision magnetic, induced polarization-resistivity, ground gamma-ray spectrometry, portable X-ray fluorescence analysis, and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) survey was used for comprehensive exploration. The area-based induced polarization and magnetic methods effectively identified the distribution of hidden mineral-bearing spaces, while ground gamma-ray spectrometry and portable X-ray fluorescence analysis constrained the mineralization anomalies of deposit spaces. The AMT survey established a deep structure model of the occurrence of concealed fluorite deposits, and its validity was evaluated through engineering verification methods. This study establishes a comprehensive geological-geophysical location prediction technique and method combination that can provide theoretical and technical support for the positioning and prediction of fluorite deposits in the Beishan metallogenic belt and shallow cover areas in the Gobi Desert.
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表 1 花石头山工作区磁性参数统计表
Table 1. The magnetic parameter s of the rocks and ores in Huashitoushan working area
岩性 标本数
（个）磁化强度SI（10−6） 区间 平均值 蚀变碎裂岩 10 1～5 3.34 萤石矿脉 15 0～5 1.06 花岗岩 10 36～179 81.3 灰黑色砂岩 16 3～20 8.7 
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表 2 花石头山工作区电性参数统计表
Table 2. The electrical parameters of the rocks and ores in Huashitoushan working area
序号 岩（矿）石
名称标本数
（个）ρ（Ω·m） η（%） 最小值 最高值 平均值 最小值 最高值 平均值 1 石英砂岩 5 4722 9398 7037 0.895 2.276 1.74 2 石英脉 5 1978 10712 5598 0.306 1.426 0.77 3 构造角砾岩 5 5403.3 5403.3 5403.3 1.02 2.82 1.82 4 蚀变岩 5 6822.0 16830.5 11223.3 0.75 1.70 1.12 5 第四系 20 3 52 18.72
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