New Materials of Protoceratops hellenikorhinus (Neoceratopsia: Protoceratopsidae) in Alxa Region, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
发现于内蒙古自治区阿拉善右旗巴音塔拉上白垩统乌兰苏海组（坎潘阶）中的3件原角龙类化石新标本，不同程度地保存了头部骨骼。其头骨较大、前颌骨齿不存在、上颌骨侧面的横向嵴近于水平且发育程度相对较弱、齿骨腹缘近于平直，显示出似希腊鼻原角龙Protoceratops hellenikorhinus的特征，应归入这一属种。阿拉善右旗巴音塔拉目前仅识别出1个属种的原角龙科化石——似希腊鼻原角龙，这一地区也成为该属种在乌拉特后旗巴音满都呼之后的第2个产出地点。似希腊鼻原角龙在巴音塔拉和巴音满都呼的恐龙动物群中均是数量占优势的分子，显示两地恐龙动物群的可对比性，同时进一步表明在晚白垩世坎潘期，内蒙古西部存在一个面积广阔、古地理环境相似的区域，该区域内不同地点的恐龙类群可以相互交流。
Abstract:Three new specimens of protoceratopsid skulls have been discovered recently from the Late Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation (Campanian) at Bayan Tal locality in Alxa Right Banner, western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern China. The skull is relatively large, with premaxillary teeth absent. The craniocaudally arranged ridge on the lateral surface of maxilla is generally straight, and comparatively reduced. The ventral edge of dentary is nearly straight. These specimens show the representative characters only present in Protoceratops hellenikorhinus, thus should be assigned to this taxon. Only one genus and species of Protoceratopsidae has been confirmed, i.e. Protoceratops hellenikorhinus, at Bayan Tal locality. This locality becomes the second site yielding P. hellenikorhinus, following Bayan Mandahu locality in Urad Rear Banner, western Inner Mongolia. This protoceratopsid species was the dominant element among the dinosaur faunas at both Bayan Tal and Bayan Mandahu localities, which provides more paleontological evidences for the Late Cretaceous dinosaur faunal similarity between the two sites. P. hellenikorhinus has been only known at Bayan Tal and Bayan Mandahu localities during the Campanian, Late Cretaceous. This fact indicates that there may have existed a vast region in similar paleoenvironment across the western Inner Mongolia at that time, and that the dinosaurs could exchange easily within the region.
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表 1 似希腊鼻原角龙Protoceratops hellenikorhinus新标本头骨部分特征测量及其与正型标本的比较 （mm）
Table 1. Some measurements and comparisons on skulls of the new specimens and holotype specimen of Protoceratops hellenikorhinus (mm)
测量特征 新标本
IMMNH-PV00522新标本
IMMNH-PV00523新标本
IMMNH-PV00524正型标本
IMM 95BM1/1头骨全长 640* – 690* 720 眶前区长 222（r）* – 262（l） 288 眶后区长 180（r） – 126（l） 170 头骨在鼻骨处高 290（r） – – 325 眶孔长 89（r） – 89（l） 103 眶孔高 62（r） – – 90 外鼻孔长 87（r） – 87（l）* 72 外鼻孔宽 35（r） – 50（l） 27 眶前窝长 – – 67（l） 71 眶前窝高 – – 87（l） 126 下颌全长 – 315（r） 364（l）* 414 下颌冠状突前部长 254（r） 182（r） 238（l）* 255 注：（l）. 左侧；（r）. 右侧；*. 估算值；–. 未知值；正型标本（IMM 95BM1/1）测量数据引自Lambert等（2001）。 
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表 2 原角龙属安氏种Protoceratops andrewsi与似希腊鼻种P. hellenikorhinus头骨特征区别
Table 2. Main differences of the skull characters between Protoceratops andrewsi and P. hellenikorhinus
特 征 安氏原角龙
Protoceratops andrewsi似希腊鼻原角龙
Protoceratops hellenikorhinus完全成年个体的头骨大小 较小，全长约500 mm 较大，全长超过700 mm 前颌骨齿 2枚，锥状 不存在 成年个体的齿骨腹缘 显著向下拱曲 平直 上颌骨侧面前后向延伸的嵴 明显上凸、显著 相对平直、减弱 鳞骨腹突 不与方轭骨接触 伸长且与方轭骨相接触 前齿骨前缘与腹缘间的夹角 成年个体的不明显，圆滑过渡 明显，约125° 隅骨后缘三角形面 略指向侧方 指向后方
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