Quantitative Study of the Early Cretaceous Paleoclimate in Beishan Area, Gansu Province: Based on C-O Isotope Analysis of Reptiles
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摘要:
为定量查明甘肃省北山地区早白垩世古气温、古降水量等重要古气候指标，在酒泉盆地东北缘北山地区下白垩统采集了恐龙牙齿、鳄类牙齿和龟类背甲有效样品。笔者通过化学实验从牙釉质和龟甲中获取了生物磷灰石，提纯并测得了磷灰石中磷酸根的δ18OP值（‰, V-SMOW）、碳酸根的δ13CC值（‰, V-PDB）。禽龙类牙齿牙釉质的δ18OP值（‰, V-SMOW）为14.627‰～22.137‰，平均值为17.634‰；角龙类牙齿牙釉质的δ18OP值（‰, V-SMOW）为15.532‰～22.668‰，平均值为18.225‰；兽脚龙类牙齿牙釉质的δ18OP值（‰, V-SMOW）为16.915‰～20.763‰，平均值为18.925‰；鳄鱼牙齿牙釉质的δ18OP值（‰, V-SMOW）为16.619‰；龟类背甲δ18OP值（‰, V-SMOW）为15.106‰～16.627‰，平均值为16.061‰。禽龙类牙齿牙釉质的δ13Cc值（‰, V-PDB）为−6.477‰～−1.852‰，平均值为−5.274‰；角龙类牙齿牙釉质的δ13Cc值（‰, V-PDB）为−5.609‰～−2.495‰，平均值为−4.051‰。根据O同位素数据计算得出全年平均古气温为（19.5±3.2）℃，根据C同位素数据计算出全年平均降水量为（605±151）mm/y，表明酒泉地区早白垩世为暖温–亚热带的干燥森林气候，以半干旱–干旱环境为主。
Abstract:In order to quantitatively study important paleoclimatic indicators such as paleotemperature and precipitation of early Cretaceous in Beishan area, Gansu Province, effective samples of dinosaurs' teeth, crocodiles' teeth and turtles' carapace were collected from the Lower Cretaceous in the Beishan area of the northeastern margin of the Jiuquan Basin. Bioapatite was extracted from tooth enamel and tortoiseshell samples by chemical experiments, the δ18OP (‰, V-SMOW) of phosphate and the δ13CC (‰, V-PDB) in apatite have been extracted and measured. The δ18OP (‰, V-SMOW) of Iguanodon tooth enamel is between 14.627‰～22.137‰, the average value is 17.634‰; The δ18OP (‰, V-SMOW) of ceratopsia tooth enamel is between 15.532‰～22.668‰, the average value is 18.225‰; The δ18OP (‰, V-SMOW) of theropod tooth enamel is between 16.915‰～20.763‰, the average value is 18.925‰; The δ18OP (‰, V-SMOW) of crocodiles' tooth enamel is 16.619‰; The δ18OP (‰, V-SMOW) of turtles' carapace is between 15.106‰～16.627‰, the average value is 16.061‰. The δ13Cc (‰, V-PDB) of Iguanodon tooth enamel is between −6.477‰～−1.852‰, the average value is −5.274‰. The δ13Cc (‰, V-PDB) of ceratopsia tooth enamel is between −5.609‰～−2.495‰, the average value is −4.051‰. Based on oxygen isotope data, the annual average paleotemperature is calculated to be (19±3)℃, Based on carbon isotope data, the annual average precipitation is calculated to be (605 ± 151)mm/y, which indicates that the early Cretaceous in Jiuquan area had a warm temperate subtropical dry forest climate, mainly semi-arid to arid environment.
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Key words:
- Beishan area /
- early Cretaceous /
- paleoclimate /
- carbon and oxygen isotope /
- bioapatite
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图 2 北山地区下白垩统综合地层柱状图（据甘肃省地质矿产局，1989；张茜楠等，2015；Jin et al.，2020；李爱静等，2021编绘）
Figure 2.
图 4 磷酸根提取实验流程图（据Lécuyer et al.，2010修改）
Figure 4.
图 5 碳酸根提取实验流程图（改自Koch et al., 1997）
Figure 5.
表 1 测试样本信息及测试结果汇总表
Table 1. Summary of test sample information and test results
样品
编号样品类别 食性 习性 δ18Op（‰,
V-SMOW）δ13Cc（‰,
V-PDB）样品
编号样品类别 食性 习性 δ18Op（‰,
V-SMOW）δ13Cc（‰,
V-PDB）xmb-1（1） 禽龙类恐龙齿根釉质 植食 陆生 18.883 −6.341 xmb-13 角龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 16.832 −3.312 xmb-1（2） 禽龙类恐龙齿中釉质 植食 陆生 17.870 −5.677 xmb-14 角龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 16.988 −4.077 xmb-1（3） 禽龙类恐龙齿尖釉质 植食 陆生 16.666 −5.876 xmb-15 角龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 17.094 −2.495 xmb-2（1） 禽龙类恐龙齿根釉质 植食 陆生 17.713 −6.455 xmb-16 角龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 15.523 −5.207 xmb-2（2） 禽龙类恐龙齿中釉质 植食 陆生 17.272 −6.247 xmb-17 角龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 19.373 / xmb-2（3） 禽龙类恐龙齿尖釉质 植食 陆生 16.085 −5.605 xmb-18 兽脚类恐龙牙齿釉质 肉食 陆生 20.736 / xmb-3（1） 禽龙类恐龙齿根釉质 植食 陆生 17.678 −6.278 xmb-19 兽脚类恐龙牙齿釉质 肉食 陆生 17.552 / xmb-3（2） 禽龙类恐龙齿中釉质 植食 陆生 18.345 −5.605 xmb-20 兽脚类恐龙牙齿釉质 肉食 陆生 20.577 / xmb-3（3） 禽龙类恐龙齿尖釉质 植食 陆生 16.453 −6.477 xmb-21 兽脚类恐龙牙齿釉质 肉食 陆生 18.847 / xmb-4 禽龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 22.137 −4.035 xmb-22 兽脚类恐龙牙齿釉质 肉食 陆生 16.915 / xmb-5 禽龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 19.335 −3.820 xmb-23 蜥臀目恐龙牙齿釉质 未知 陆生 17.895 / xmb-6 禽龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 16.643 −4.297 xmb-24 蜥臀目恐龙牙齿釉质 未知 陆生 19.527 / xmb-7 禽龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 19.105 −1.852 xmb-25 鳄鱼牙齿釉质 肉食 水生/半水生 16.619 / xmb-8 禽龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 15.696 / xmb-26 水生龟类背甲 杂食 水生/半水生 15.106 / xmb-9 禽龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 14.627 / xmb-27 水生龟类背甲 杂食 水生/半水生 15.982 / xmb-10 禽龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 17.847 / xmb-28 水生龟类背甲 杂食 水生/半水生 16.313 / xmb-11 角龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 19.235 −3.603 xmb-29 水生龟类背甲 杂食 水生/半水生 16.276 / xmb-12 角龙类恐龙牙齿釉质 植食 陆生 22.668 −5.609 xmb-30 水生龟类背甲 杂食 水生/半水生 16.627 / 
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