Age, Geochemistry and Geological Significance of an Early Neoproterozoic Porphyritic Granite in the Jianshanzi Area of the Beishan Orogenic Belt
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摘要:
笔者报道了北山造山带东缘尖山子地区新元古代早期似斑状花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征，结合已发表的同期花岗质岩石地球化学数据，讨论其源区性质及北山南部前寒武纪基底与塔里木克拉通的亲缘性。似斑状花岗岩两件样品锆石U-Pb年龄分别为（901±5）Ma，（935±3）Ma，表明其形成于新元古代早期。似斑状花岗岩样品发育钾长石斑晶，显示高的SiO2 含量（70.41%～76.05%）和过铝质特征（A/CNK = 1.01～1.21）；具有相似的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线并显示轻稀土富集、Eu负异常(δEu = 0.30～0.46)和在原始地幔标准化多元素图解上显示Rb、Th、U和K正异常，Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Ti负异常；具有富集的锆石Hf同位素组成，其εHf(t)值为−5.0～−1.4和相应的两阶段Hf模式年龄为2.08～1.86 Ga。这些地球化学特征共同反应似斑状花岗岩为壳源花岗岩，并指示早期地壳的再造事件。结合前人发表的地球化学数据，北山造山带南部前寒武纪基底经历了中元古代地壳新生事件和新元古代早期地壳再造事件，花岗质岩石锆石εHf(t)值主要落在2.2～1.3 Ga地壳物质Hf同位素演化区内，指示北山南部不存在太古代基底，因此与具有太古代结晶基底的塔里木克拉通可能不具有构造亲缘性。
Abstract:The geochronological and geochemical data of an early Neoproterozoic porphyritic granite in the Jianshanzi Area of the Beishan Orogenic Belt has been present. Combined with published geochemical data of contemporaneous granitic rocks, their magma sources and the tectonic affinity between the Precambrian basement in the southern Beishan and Tarim Cration are discussed. Two samples from the porphyritic granite have zircon U-Pb ages of (901±5) Ma and (935±3) Ma, respectively, indicating that it was formed during the early Neoproterozoic. Samples from the porphyritic granite contain K-feldspar phenocrysts with high SiO2 contents (70.41%～76.05%) and peraluminous characteristics (A/CNK=1.01～1.21), and exhibit similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns with LREE-enrichment and pronounced negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.30～0.46), and show positive Rb, Th, U and K anomalies, negative Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P and Ti anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized trace-element diagram, and have evolved zircon εHf(t) values of −5.0 to −1.4 and two-stage Hf model ages of 2.08～1.61 Ga. All these geochemical characteristics suggest that the porphyritic granite is a typical crustal-derived granite, indicating an older crustal reworking event. Together with the reported data, the Precambrian basement of the southern Beishan experienced both Mesoproterozoic crustal growth and early Neoproterozoic crustal reworking events with the zircon εHf(t) values of granitic rocks plotting within the crustal evolution trend defined by 2.1～1.3 Ga crustal material, indicating the absence of an Archean basement in the southern Beishan, and therefore it may not have tectonic affinity with the Tarim craton with an Archean crystalline basement.
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Key words:
- Neoproterozoic /
- granitic rocks /
- crustal reworking /
- Beishan Orogenic Belt
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图 1 中亚造山带构造位置图，显示北山造山带的位置（a）和北山造山带北山杂岩及已知的前寒武纪岩石空间分布（b）（据Xiao et al., 2010；Wang et al., 2021b）
Figure 1.
图 6 尖山子似斑状花岗岩（a）硅-碱性图（据Middlemost, 1994），（b）SiO2-K2O图（据Frost et al., 2001）和（c）A/NK-A/CNK图（据Maniar et al., 1989）
Figure 6.
表 1 尖山子似斑状花岗岩样品TW1003锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分析数据
Table 1. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data for the sample TW1003 from the porphyritic granite in the Jianshanzi area
点号 含量（10−6） 同位素比值 年龄（Ma） TW1003 Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 208Pb/232Th 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ TW1003-1 126 220 719 0.0713 0.0023 1.4571 0.0456 0.1474 0.0020 0.0494 0.0019 966 67 913 19 886 11 TW1003-2 127 91 1024 0.0666 0.0018 1.2808 0.0355 0.1385 0.0018 0.0472 0.0030 833 56 837 16 836 10 TW1003-3* 302 200 1583 0.0814 0.0025 1.9176 0.0526 0.1700 0.0021 0.1138 0.0041 1231 65 1087 18 1012 12 TW1003-4* 1361 722 2152 0.3820 0.0091 8.0679 0.3240 0.1502 0.0042 0.3970 0.0185 3840 36 2239 36 902 23 TW1003-5 194 263 1199 0.0696 0.0018 1.4317 0.0401 0.1481 0.0022 0.0624 0.0041 917 52 902 17 891 12 TW1003-6 130 70 1036 0.0687 0.0016 1.4336 0.0425 0.1505 0.0030 0.0458 0.0022 889 50 903 18 904 17 TW1003-7 129 431 643 0.0726 0.0020 1.5261 0.0511 0.1508 0.0027 0.0460 0.0014 1011 56 941 21 905 15 TW1003-8* 104 213 452 0.0756 0.0023 1.8682 0.0597 0.1787 0.0026 0.0584 0.0019 1087 62 1070 21 1060 14 TW1003-9 116 359 592 0.0696 0.0019 1.4392 0.0412 0.1494 0.0021 0.0456 0.0012 917 54 905 17 898 12 TW1003-10 128 106 957 0.0693 0.0017 1.4330 0.0379 0.1488 0.0018 0.0503 0.0018 907 55 903 16 894 10 TW1003-11* 199 591 844 0.0754 0.0019 1.6734 0.0494 0.1590 0.0023 0.0554 0.0017 1080 50 998 19 951 13 TW1003-12 248 126 1819 0.0770 0.0016 1.6131 0.0425 0.1501 0.0024 0.0994 0.0041 1120 43 975 17 902 13 TW1003-13 151 92 1202 0.0671 0.0014 1.4167 0.0310 0.1520 0.0021 0.0502 0.0014 840 43 896 13 912 12 TW1003-14 101 69 794 0.0675 0.0014 1.4265 0.0318 0.1516 0.0020 0.0503 0.0016 854 44 900 13 910 11 TW1003-15 468 827 1665 0.0899 0.0021 2.7197 0.0699 0.2163 0.0031 0.0742 0.0019 1433 39 1334 19 1262 17 TW1003-16 98 84 711 0.0695 0.0024 1.4644 0.0617 0.1499 0.0022 0.0651 0.0076 922 72 916 25 900 13 TW1003-17* 605 257 1807 0.1891 0.0094 4.4913 0.2548 0.1631 0.0032 0.4163 0.0262 2744 82 1729 47 974 18 TW1003-18 140 59 1105 0.0671 0.0015 1.4159 0.0327 0.1511 0.0020 0.0522 0.0016 839 48 896 14 907 11 TW1003-19* 301 91 1565 0.1267 0.0046 2.4865 0.1035 0.1387 0.0018 0.5338 0.0471 2054 64 1268 30 837 10 TW1003-20 70 196 372 0.0684 0.0016 1.4270 0.0332 0.1500 0.0019 0.0464 0.0012 880 48 900 14 901 11 TW1003-21 97 97 714 0.0655 0.0014 1.3836 0.0313 0.1512 0.0019 0.0466 0.0014 791 46 882 13 908 10 TW1003-22 205 172 1221 0.0892 0.0028 1.8853 0.0642 0.1500 0.0019 0.1024 0.0050 1409 92 1076 23 901 10 TW1003-23 82 258 418 0.0673 0.0016 1.4125 0.0377 0.1502 0.0024 0.0480 0.0014 856 48 894 16 902 13 TW1003-24 158 102 1221 0.0663 0.0015 1.3876 0.0355 0.1498 0.0022 0.0471 0.0015 815 49 884 15 900 12 TW1003-25* 544 999 1507 0.0934 0.0025 3.1789 0.0964 0.2424 0.0036 0.0757 0.0025 1496 45 1452 23 1399 18 TW1003-26* 146 73 1033 0.0695 0.0016 1.5503 0.0365 0.1600 0.0023 0.0613 0.0023 922 47 951 15 957 13 TW1003-27 174 203 1203 0.0701 0.0016 1.4758 0.0350 0.1507 0.0018 0.0508 0.0018 931 46 921 14 905 10 TW1003-28 182 104 1304 0.0723 0.0016 1.5195 0.0343 0.1512 0.0020 0.0730 0.0025 994 46 938 14 908 11 TW1003-29 143 106 1084 0.0687 0.0015 1.4335 0.0359 0.1491 0.0018 0.0561 0.0043 900 72 903 15 896 10 TW1003-30* 290 516 902 0.0874 0.0017 2.9888 0.0637 0.2455 0.0030 0.0716 0.0016 1369 37 1405 16 1415 16 TW1003-31 87 202 508 0.0690 0.0016 1.4469 0.0353 0.1506 0.0020 0.0450 0.0012 898 48 909 15 904 11 TW1003-32 112 74 849 0.0689 0.0017 1.4329 0.0369 0.1492 0.0019 0.0482 0.0015 898 45 903 15 896 11 注：*表示锆石核部点位。 
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表 2 尖山子似斑状花岗岩样品TW8837锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分析数据
Table 2. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data for the sample TW8837 from the porphyritic granite in the Jianshanzi area
点号 含量（10−6） 同位素比值 年龄（Ma） TW8837 Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 208Pb/232Th 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ TW8837-1 578 565 2424 0.0721 0.0018 1.5704 0.0401 0.1566 0.0015 0.0548 0.0016 989 19 959 16 938 8 TW8837-2 392 565 1343 0.0708 0.0018 1.5354 0.0378 0.1564 0.0014 0.0479 0.0011 950 56 945 15 937 8 TW8837-3 2373 4494 5527 0.0722 0.0017 1.5747 0.0349 0.1573 0.0016 0.0477 0.0011 991 48 960 14 942 9 TW8837-4 1354 2073 4069 0.0708 0.0014 1.5397 0.0304 0.1566 0.0012 0.0502 0.0010 950 41 946 12 938 7 TW8837-5 792 1023 3056 0.0670 0.0014 1.4566 0.0297 0.1566 0.0013 0.0469 0.0009 835 43 913 12 938 7 TW8837-6 1623 2081 5514 0.0825 0.0018 1.6488 0.0329 0.1440 0.0010 0.0557 0.0011 1258 42 989 13 867 6 TW8837-7 641 530 3129 0.0685 0.0014 1.4879 0.0307 0.1565 0.0013 0.0490 0.0012 883 43 925 13 937 7 TW8837-8 409 285 1947 0.0704 0.0016 1.5303 0.0336 0.1566 0.0013 0.0607 0.0016 939 46 943 13 938 7 TW8837-9 494 375 2598 0.0715 0.0016 1.5547 0.0349 0.1566 0.0014 0.0418 0.0011 972 47 952 14 938 8 TW8837-10 1555 2353 4238 0.0744 0.0020 1.6301 0.0458 0.1566 0.0015 0.0563 0.0022 1054 54 982 18 938 8 TW8837-11 986 1372 3002 0.0726 0.0018 1.5778 0.0392 0.1566 0.0016 0.0527 0.0012 1003 52 962 15 938 9 TW8837-12 514 430 2269 0.0709 0.0017 1.5416 0.0362 0.1567 0.0015 0.0565 0.0015 955 53 947 14 938 8 TW8837-13 607 414 2654 0.0739 0.0017 1.6226 0.0406 0.1567 0.0022 0.0681 0.0024 1039 48 979 16 938 12 TW8837-14 927 1433 2810 0.0741 0.0017 1.6052 0.0358 0.1568 0.0019 0.0475 0.0011 1043 52 972 14 939 10 TW8837-15 443 288 2252 0.0688 0.0015 1.4949 0.0323 0.1566 0.0016 0.0517 0.0012 892 76 928 13 938 9 TW8837-16 818 578 4164 0.0693 0.0014 1.5057 0.0311 0.1565 0.0013 0.0466 0.0010 909 43 933 13 938 7 TW8837-17 498 321 2396 0.0724 0.0016 1.5659 0.0340 0.1559 0.0014 0.0573 0.0014 998 43 957 13 934 8 TW8837-18 600 552 2580 0.0704 0.0016 1.5294 0.0338 0.1566 0.0013 0.0510 0.0012 943 46 942 14 938 7 TW8837-19 507 431 2290 0.0688 0.0016 1.4915 0.0333 0.1563 0.0013 0.0505 0.0013 894 42 927 14 936 7 TW8837-20 588 463 2517 0.0772 0.0018 1.6772 0.0400 0.1566 0.0014 0.0571 0.0014 1125 48 1000 15 938 8 TW8837-21* 646 468 2250 0.0800 0.0019 2.0261 0.0529 0.1819 0.0019 0.0747 0.0018 1198 46 1124 18 1077 11 TW8837-22 477 314 2492 0.0682 0.0016 1.4735 0.0353 0.1556 0.0013 0.0513 0.0015 876 48 920 14 932 7 TW8837-23 628 985 1916 0.0705 0.0016 1.5208 0.0342 0.1554 0.0012 0.0487 0.0010 943 45 939 14 931 7 TW8837-24 463 644 1481 0.0695 0.0020 1.4925 0.0440 0.1548 0.0015 0.0534 0.0012 915 58 927 18 928 8 TW8837-25 486 456 2299 0.0685 0.0015 1.4765 0.0332 0.1555 0.0015 0.0487 0.0011 883 44 921 14 932 8 TW8837-26 491 383 2174 0.0741 0.0026 1.5846 0.0571 0.1552 0.0020 0.0674 0.0031 1044 75 964 22 930 11 TW8837-27 568 327 2975 0.0731 0.0016 1.5723 0.0368 0.1550 0.0015 0.0631 0.0019 1017 44 959 15 929 9 TW8837-28 369 432 1584 0.0704 0.0018 1.5108 0.0388 0.1550 0.0016 0.0472 0.0013 939 52 935 16 929 9 TW8837-29* 481 467 1812 0.0700 0.0018 1.6017 0.0412 0.1655 0.0017 0.0622 0.0018 928 55 971 16 987 10 TW8837-30* 419 207 2163 0.0695 0.0019 1.5900 0.0431 0.1652 0.0016 0.0673 0.0026 922 56 966 17 986 9 注：*表示锆石核部点位。
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表 3 尖山子似斑状花岗岩样品TW1003锆石Hf同位素组成
Table 3. Zircon Hf-isotope compositions for the sample TW1003 from the porphyritic granite in the Jianshanzi area
点号 176Yb/177Hf 2σ 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hf 2σ 年龄
（Ma）（176Hf/177Hf）i εHf（0） εHf（t） TDM
（Ma）TDM2
（Ma）fLu/Hf TW1003-5 0.054984 0.000289 0.001418 0.000007 0.282170 0.000025 901 0.282146 −21.3 −2.3 1544 1916 −0.96 TW1003-6 0.050315 0.000471 0.001302 0.000012 0.282139 0.000023 901 0.282117 −22.4 −3.3 1582 1980 −0.96 TW1003-7 0.037520 0.000372 0.000998 0.000010 0.282130 0.000023 901 0.282113 −22.7 −3.4 1582 1988 −0.97 TW1003-9 0.087226 0.001205 0.002261 0.000024 0.282195 0.000021 901 0.282157 −20.4 −1.9 1543 1891 −0.93 TW1003-10 0.091361 0.001105 0.002329 0.000026 0.282108 0.000022 901 0.282068 −23.5 −5.0 1672 2087 −0.93 TW1003-13 0.071769 0.001814 0.001842 0.000037 0.282167 0.000026 901 0.282136 −21.4 −2.6 1566 1938 −0.94 TW1003-14 0.080789 0.000700 0.002134 0.000025 0.282169 0.000023 901 0.282133 −21.3 −2.7 1575 1944 −0.94 TW1003-16 0.064744 0.000391 0.001682 0.000006 0.282198 0.000025 901 0.282170 −20.3 −1.4 1514 1861 −0.95
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表 4 尖山子似斑状花岗岩样品主量（%）和微量元素（10–6）组成
Table 4. Major (%) and trace element (10–6) compositions for samples from the porphyritic granite in the Jianshanzi area
样号 TW1003 YQ2224 TW8837 样号 TW1003 YQ2224 TW8837 SiO2 76.05 72.01 70.41 Y 32.27 38.96 45.02 Al2O3 12.66 14.20 14.25 ΣREE 138.47 261.00 362.78 TiO2 0.09 0.52 0.55 （La/Yb）N 7.17 8.41 10.79 Fe2O3t 0.76 3.21 − δEu 0.46 0.32 0.30 Fe2O3 − − 1.48 Li 8.94 12.50 23.14 FeO − − 1.95 Be 1.35 2.57 2.86 CaO 1.39 1.25 1.30 Sc 5.41 10.10 8.83 MgO 0.47 0.85 1.11 V 9.51 40.64 53.43 K2O 5.33 5.13 5.23 Cr 6.87 7.88 19.22 Na2O 2.53 2.36 2.48 Co 66.15 64.20 5.97 MnO 0.04 0.03 0.04 Ni 3.20 4.82 6.94 P2O5 0.06 0.05 0.06 Cu 4.48 5.66 19.92 LOI 0.83 0.36 1.01 Zn 10.75 46.32 75.92 Total 100.21 99.97 99.89 Ga 12.29 10.35 24.39 K2O+Na2O 7.86 7.49 7.72 Rb 130.66 200.65 294.88 A/NK 1.27 1.51 1.46 Sr 116.65 102.45 118.67 A/CNK 1.01 1.21 1.17 Zr 43.29 200.66 304.54 La 25.63 52.30 65.79 Nb 3.05 10.67 21.44 Ce 38.92 89.68 131.31 Mo 0.08 0.12 0.74 Pr 4.14 8.77 15.37 Cd 0.09 0.14 0.16 Nd 17.33 32.10 59.91 In 0.05 0.08 0.10 Sm 2.87 8.67 11.52 Cs 2.12 8.67 9.96 Eu 0.52 0.92 1.08 Ba 632.13 710.23 618.77 Gd 4.19 8.64 10.09 Hf 1.67 8.60 10.21 Tb 0.81 1.24 1.63 Ta 0.87 1.69 2.35 Dy 4.76 6.86 9.04 W 363.73 320.00 1.75 Ho 1.11 2.31 1.58 Tl − − 1.92 Er 2.55 4.95 4.55 Pb 34.50 42.73 56.72 Tm 0.38 0.68 0.82 Bi 0.08 0.06 1.32 Yb 2.56 4.46 4.37 Th 16.63 35.60 48.94 Lu 0.42 0.46 0.68 U 3.64 5.44 6.67
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