The Constraints of the Depositional Environment of the Luohe Formation on Uranium Mineralization in the Zhenyuan Area of the Southwestern Ordos Basin
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摘要:
含铀岩系沉积环境制约着铀储层的空间分布以及铀成矿作用,其在铀成矿潜力评价中具有重要的意义。鄂尔多斯西南缘洛河组含铀岩系沉积环境存在争议,其与铀成矿的关系不明确,制约了区域铀成矿规律的认识。笔者通过碎屑组分分析、粒度分析等方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘上白垩统洛河组含铀岩系进行了沉积环境分析。研究发现洛河组含铀岩系铀储层主要为红色、灰色、灰绿色细–粗砂岩,碎屑成分主要由石英、长石、岩屑组成,砂岩主要为岩屑石英砂岩和长石石英砂岩。砂岩粒度平均值(Mz)的均值为2.01。标准偏差(σ)平均值为0.49,表明分选好。偏度(Sk)平均值为0.11,表明洛河组沉积以较粗物质为主,且留有一个细物质的尾部。峰度(Kg)平均值为1.05,峰度变化幅度不大。频率曲线显示较好的正态分布特征,频率直方图多呈单峰式,概率值累积曲线为高斜率一段跳跃式、一跳一悬两段式和一滚一跳一悬三段式。综合分析认为,研究区上白垩统洛河组含铀岩系沉积环境为风成沉积体系,其中包括风成砂丘、丘间沉积、河道沉积和浅湖沉积等成因相,成因相的岩性组合、粒度特征有其各自特征。研究区上白垩统洛河组含铀岩系中的河流沉积和小型湖泊沉积制约着铀成矿作用,风成–水成相互作用,形成了富含有机质、发育有较为稳定“泥–砂–泥”结构的铀储层,这为后期大规模的铀成矿作用提供了前提条件。因此,盆地边缘的风成–水成交互沉积作用区域为有利的砂岩型铀成矿区域。
Abstract:The sedimentary environment of uranium bearing rock series restricts the spatial distribution of uranium reservoirs and uranium mineralization, which is of great significance in the evaluation of uranium mineralization potential. There is controversy over the sedimentary environment of the Luohe Formation uranium bearing rock series in the southwestern edge of Ordos, and its relationship with uranium mineralization is unclear, which restricts the understanding of regional uranium mineralization laws. This article analyzes the sedimentary environment of the Upper Cretaceous Luohe Formation uranium bearing rock series in the southwestern edge of the Ordos Basin through methods such as debris composition analysis and particle size analysis. Research has found that the uranium bearing rock series in the Luohe Formation are mainly composed of red, gray, and grayish green fine coarse sandstone, with detrital components mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, and rock debris. The sandstone is mainly composed of rock debris quartz sandstone and feldspar quartz sandstone. The average particle size (Mz) of sandstone is 2.01. The average value of standard deviation (σ) is 0.49, indicating good sorting. The average skewness (Sk) value is 0.11, indicating that the sedimentation of the Luohe Formation is mainly composed of coarse material, with a tail of fine material remaining. The average kurtosis (Kg) is 1.05, and the change in kurtosis is not significant. The frequency curve shows good normal distribution characteristics, and the frequency histogram mostly shows a unimodal pattern. The probability value accumulation curve is a high slope one segment jump, one jump one suspension two segment, and one roll one jump one suspension three segment. Based on comprehensive analysis, it is believed that the sedimentary environment of the Upper Cretaceous Luohe Formation uranium bearing rock series in the study area is an aeolian sedimentary system, including aeolian sand dunes, inter hill sediments, channel sediments, and shallow lake sediments. The lithological combination and particle size characteristics of the genetic facies have their own characteristics. The river sediments and small lake sediments in the Upper Cretaceous Luohe Formation uranium bearing rock series in the research area constrain uranium mineralization, and the interaction between wind and water forms uranium reservoirs rich in organic matter with a relatively stable "mud sand mud" structure, which provides a prerequisite for large-scale uranium mineralization in the later stage. Therefore, the area of wind water interaction sedimentation at the edge of the basin is a favorable area for sandstone type uranium mineralization.
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图 1 工作区构造位置图(a)(据金若时等,2023修改)和取样钻孔位置图(b)
Figure 1.
表 1 洛河组砂岩薄片碎屑组分的原始统计表(%)
Table 1. Raw point-counting data of sandstone compositions in thin sections from the Luohe Formation
样品号 深度(m) 粒度 Qm Qp Pl Kp Lv Lm Ls O Qt F L Lt B1 721.92 m 67.54 7.41 8.02 0.80 11.42 0.80 0.40 3.61 74.95 8.82 12.63 20.04 B2 727.32 m 80.49 4.15 8.78 0.73 4.39 0.49 0.49 0.49 84.63 9.51 5.37 9.51 B3 770.31 m 78.37 3.85 7.21 0.72 8.65 0.72 0.24 0.24 82.21 7.93 9.62 13.46 B4 805.46 f 79.01 4.44 7.90 1.98 4.94 0.74 0.49 0.49 83.46 9.88 6.17 10.62 B5 673.87 f 79.46 4.21 8.17 0.99 5.45 0.74 0.50 0.50 83.66 9.16 6.68 10.89 B9 761.22 f 76.66 4.58 10.53 2.29 4.58 0.46 0.23 0.69 81.24 12.81 5.26 9.84 B13 860.78 f 84.08 3.48 5.22 0.75 4.98 0.75 0.25 0.50 87.56 5.97 5.97 9.45 B17 1017.42 f 82.59 4.48 7.46 0.75 3.48 0.50 0.50 0.25 87.06 8.21 4.48 8.96 B21 894.95 f 79.26 5.19 4.94 0.74 8.15 0.74 0.49 0.49 84.44 5.68 9.38 14.57 B22 941.64 f 81.06 3.60 5.04 0.72 7.67 0.96 0.48 0.48 84.65 5.76 9.11 12.71 B23 795.25 f 76.41 4.67 9.83 1.72 5.90 0.74 0.25 0.49 81.08 11.55 6.88 11.55 B24 778.75 f 76.92 3.23 9.93 2.48 5.71 0.74 0.74 0.25 80.15 12.41 7.20 10.42 B25 839.2 m 80.10 3.40 6.07 1.21 7.28 0.97 0.73 0.24 83.50 7.28 8.98 12.38 B27 872.85 m 80.68 3.62 4.83 0.97 8.21 0.72 0.48 0.48 84.30 5.80 9.42 13.04 B28 797.1 m 83.95 3.95 2.47 0.99 7.16 0.74 0.49 0.25 87.90 3.46 8.40 12.35 B29 1319.45 f 78.04 3.34 5.01 0.95 9.55 1.43 1.19 0.48 81.38 5.97 12.17 15.51 B30 1139.05 m 83.25 3.20 3.45 1.23 7.14 0.74 0.49 0.49 86.45 4.68 8.37 11.58 注:Qm. 单晶石英;Qp. 多晶石英;Pl. 斜长石;Kp. 钾长石;Lv. 火山岩岩屑;Lm. 变质岩岩屑;Ls. 沉积岩岩屑(不包括碳酸盐岩);O. 其他矿物(云母、重矿物和透明矿物);Qt=Qm+Qp;F=Kp+Pl;L=Lv+Lm+Ls;Lt=L+Qp;f. 细砂岩;m. 中砂岩。 表 2 镇原地区洛河组砂岩粒度分析统计表(%)
Table 2. Sandstone grain size of Luohe Formation in Zhenyuan area
样品编号 岩石定名 砾石 巨砂 粗砂 中砂 细砂 粉砂 黏土 ɸ≤−1 −1<ɸ≤0 0<ɸ≤1 1<ɸ≤2 2<ɸ≤4 4<ɸ≤8 ɸ>8 B1 细砂质中砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.89 73.62 25.49 0.00 0.00 B2 细砂质中砂岩 0.00 0.00 3.52 57.88 38.60 0.00 0.00 B3 中砂岩 0.00 0.00 12.34 63.98 23.67 0.01 0.00 B4 中砂质细砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.90 65.02 0.07 0.00 B5 中砂质细砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.94 74.06 0.00 0.00 B9 中砂质细砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.11 74.89 0.00 0.00 B13 中砂质细砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.43 68.56 0.01 0.00 B17 中砂岩 0.00 0.00 2.84 74.92 22.24 0.00 0.00 B21 中砂质细砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.43 64.57 0.00 0.00 B22 中砂细砂岩 0.00 0.00 7.76 37.43 54.64 0.16 0.00 B23 细砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.49 76.51 0.00 0.00 B24 中砂质细砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.52 73.99 0.49 0.00 B25 细砂质中砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.00 64.07 35.84 0.09 0.00 B27 细砂质中砂岩 0.00 0.00 10.74 50.36 38.20 0.70 0.00 B28 中砂岩 0.00 0.00 20.80 63.06 16.02 0.12 0.00 B29 中砂质细砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.92 68.31 0.76 0.00 B30 细砂质中砂岩 0.00 0.00 0.00 64.77 35.21 0.02 0.00 表 3 镇原地区洛河组砂岩与现代沙漠及河流粒度参数表
Table 3. Grain size parameters of Luohe Formation sandstone in Zhenyuan area and deserts、river
地区 样品编号 岩石定名 平均值(Mz) 标准偏差(σ) 偏度(Sk) 峰度(Kg) 计算方法 参考文献 鄂尔多斯盆地
西南缘镇原地区B1 中砂岩 1.73 0.42 0.1 1.02 图解法 本研究数据 B2 中砂岩 1.86 0.42 −0.13 1.01 B3 中砂岩 1.64 0.6 0.17 1.15 B4 细砂岩 2.21 0.55 −0.01 1.14 B5 细砂岩 2.31 0.49 0.01 0.99 B9 细砂岩 2.25 0.38 0.07 1.09 B13 细砂岩 2.18 0.39 0.05 1.08 B17 中砂岩 1.77 0.35 0.17 1.15 B21 细砂岩 2.16 0.4 0.07 1.04 B22 细砂岩 2.1 0.8 −0.01 0.9 B23 细砂岩 2.26 0.35 0.05 0.98 B24 细砂岩 2.31 0.45 0.02 0.96 B25 中砂岩 1.88 0.42 0.18 0.97 B27 中砂岩 1.85 0.81 0.07 1.01 B28 中砂岩 1.43 0.59 0.25 1.28 B29 细砂岩 2.32 0.65 0.65 1.09 B30 中砂岩 1.91 0.29 0.12 0.99 塔克拉玛干沙漠 S1 极细沙 0.12 – −0.42 1.37 图解法 吉启慧,1996 古尔班通古特沙漠 S2 细沙和极细沙 0.1 0.4 0.35 1.48 图解法 钱亦兵等,2009 库姆塔格沙漠 S3 细沙和中沙 0.24 0.68 0.02 0.96 图解法 何清等,2009 巴丹吉林沙漠 S4 细沙和中沙 0.38 0.61 0.23 1.13 图解法 钱广强等,2011 腾格里沙漠 S5 细沙和中沙 0.25 0.51 0.03 0.93 图解法 李恩菊,2011 乌兰布和沙漠 S6 细沙和极细沙 0.14 – 0.13 1.12 图解法 桂洪杰,2013 巴音温都尔沙漠 S7 粗沙 0.45 0.98 0.53 1.09 图解法 周丹丹等,2008 库布奇沙漠 S8 细沙 0.18 0.57 0.01 0.96 图解法 沈亚萍等,2016 毛乌素沙地 S9 细沙 0.17 0.64 0.03 0.99 图解法 浑善达克沙地 S10 细沙 0.28 0.67 0.08 1.09 图解法 科尔沁沙地 S11 细沙 0.21 0.89 0.19 1.15 图解法 呼伦贝尔沙地 S12 细沙 0.23 1.03 0.19 1.13 图解法 哈勒腾河流域沙丘 S13 细沙 2. 28 0. 60 0.21 1.3 图解法 田敏等,2020 哈勒腾河流域河道 H1 中沙 2. 26 0. 92 −0.16 1.13 北京潮白河 H2 细沙-粗沙 6 1.82 0.37 1.17 图解法 乔大伟等,2020 H3 5.82 1.82 0.37 1.17 H4 6.18 1.8 0.31 1.13 长江下游 H5 粉砂岩 6.06 1.77 0.65 2.98 图解法 张凌华等,2015 长江河口区 H6 细砂岩 3.1 1.6 1.6 2.3 图解法 邓程文等,2016 湘江衡阳段 H7 细沙 2.59 −1.53 −0.17 0.83 图解法 熊平生等,2022 渭河陕西段 H8 细沙-粗沙 0.16 0.24 2.27 0.18 图解法 宋进喜等,2013 黄河乌兰布和
沙漠段H9 细沙 4.65 1.23 0.19 1.18 图解法 郭建英等,2021 表 4 镇原地区洛河组砂岩主量元素分析结果(%)
Table 4. Contents of major elements of sandstone of Luohe Formation in Zhenyuan area
孔号 样品编号 岩性 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 TFe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 烧失量 K2O/Na2O CIA PY-1 A1 浅红色细砂岩 79.23 0.11 5.28 0.86 0.04 0.36 5.96 0.90 1.93 0.13 5.33 2.14 68.97 PY-2 A2 浅灰色细砂岩 81.39 0.11 5.55 0.80 0.03 1.92 2.80 0.98 1.87 0.02 4.23 1.91 63.20 PY-3 A3 浅灰色细砂岩 74.30 0.11 5.12 0.67 0.03 0.21 8.84 1.12 1.75 1.15 6.30 1.56 70.33 PY-4 A4 灰色细砂岩 86.82 0.13 5.47 0.74 0.02 0.55 1.62 1.15 1.80 0.02 2.14 1.57 69.52 PY-5 A5 浅红色细砂岩 70.98 0.19 5.69 1.70 0.07 3.48 6.34 0.71 1.99 0.90 8.24 2.80 70.80 PY-6 A6 灰色细砂岩 82.26 0.14 5.04 0.62 0.04 1.09 4.00 1.03 1.71 0.02 4.58 1.66 70.48 PY-7 A7 灰色细砂岩 91.00 0.09 4.17 0.45 0.01 0.59 0.81 0.41 1.16 0.02 1.68 2.83 70.79 PY-8 A8 灰黄色细砂岩 85.56 0.12 4.66 0.78 0.02 0.74 2.83 0.59 1.83 0.02 3.30 3.10 75.87 PY-11 A9 浅灰色细砂岩 82.56 0.15 5.39 0.84 0.03 1.82 2.62 1.04 1.98 0.02 4.08 1.90 61.81 表 5 镇原地区洛河组含铀岩系风成沉积体系判别参数表
Table 5. Discriminant parameters for the uranium bearing rock series and aeolian sedimentary system in the Luohe Formation of Zhenyuan
沉积体系 成因相 成因相各参数特征 岩性组合 沉积构造 粒度参数 概率累积曲线 成因判别 镜下显微 风成沉积体系 风成砂丘 红色、黄色细-中粒长石石英砂岩或岩屑石英砂岩,分选好,次圆状-圆状。自然伽马、电阻率和自然电位值相对较低 块状构造 平均值(Mz):1.43~2.32;标准偏差(σ):0.35~0.81;偏度(Sk):
-0.13~0.17;峰度(Kg):0.9~1.15一段式或两段式,一段式为主,主要为跳跃次总体。二段式悬浮次总体与跳跃总体的交截点小于2.75ɸ;跳跃次总体倾角大于60°,一般不存在滚动总体 C值平均值为 0.5131 ,M值平均值为0.2479 。样品位于萨胡成因图解左下方风、海滨环境区域石英含量在75%以上,岩屑含量一般大于长石含量。石英颗粒表面撞击坑的形状为似碟状、新月状(向尧, 2022;乔大伟等,2020) 河道沉积 灰色、灰绿色细-中粒或含砾长石石英砂岩或岩屑石英砂岩,分选较好-中等或较差,次棱角状-次圆状。自然伽马、电阻率和自然电位值相对较高 微斜层理、递变层理,含暗色条带 平均值(Mz):1.43~2.31;标准偏差(σ):0.29~0.59;偏度(Sk):0.02~0.25;峰度(Kg):0.96~1.28 两段式和三段式,悬浮次总体比较发育,与跳跃总体之间的交截点在2.75ɸ~3.5ɸ之间,跳跃总体的倾角多在60°~65° C值平均值为 0.5095 ,M值平均值为0.2836 。样品位于萨胡成因图解中间河流、浅海环境区域石英含量在70%以上,长石含量一般大于岩屑含量。石英颗粒表面撞击坑的形状为贝壳状的断口(向尧, 2022;乔大伟等,2020) 丘间沉积 红色、棕红色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩或泥岩 块状构造或小型平行层理 – – – – 浅湖沉积 灰色、灰黑色粉砂质泥岩、
泥岩小型交错层理和滑塌构造,可见动植物
化石– – – – -
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