Geological Hazard Failure Mode and Risk Control of Slopes along the Yellow River Highway: Taking the Suide Qingjian Section in Shaanxi Province as an Example
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摘要:
沿黄公路位于黄土高原黄河中游区，区域滑坡崩塌等地质灾害多发，对沿黄公路的道路安全造成威胁。笔者通过1∶
10000 地质灾害野外调查，总结了沿黄公路陕西绥德–清涧段边坡地质灾害变形破坏演化模式，定量评估了边坡地质灾害财产风险和人员风险。结果表明：①沿黄公路陕西绥德–清涧段共发育地质灾害51处，以小型基岩崩塌为主；崩塌包括岩质和土质崩塌，其破坏模式分为倾倒式、滑移式和坠落式3种；滑坡均为黄土滑坡，为拉裂–剪切滑移式破坏模式。②51处地质灾害财产年损失为0.0005 ～3.375万元/a，单人年死亡概率为4.16×10−5～4.40×10−2，其中低风险源12个，中风险源9个，高风险源18个，极高风险源12个。③根据边坡破坏模式及风险评估结果，对研究区边坡地质灾害制定了搬迁避让、专业监测、工程防治、群策群防等相应的风险管控措施建议。该研究结果为沿黄公路沿线地质灾害防灾减灾提供了技术支撑。Abstract:The Yellow River Highway is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River on the Loess Plateau, where geological hazards such as landslides and collapses occur frequently, posing a threat to the road safety along the Yellow River Highway. This article summarizes the deformation and failure evolution patterns of geological hazards along the Suide Qingjian section of the Yellow River Highway in Shaanxi Province through a 1∶
10000 field survey, and quantitatively evaluates the property and personnel risks of slope geological hazards. The results show that: ① 51 geological hazards have developed along the Yellow River Highway in the Suide Qingjian section of Shaanxi Province, mainly small-scale bedrock collapses; Collapse includes rock collapse and soil collapse, and its failure modes are divided into three categories: toppling, sliding, and falling; The landslides are all loess landslides, with a tensile shear sliding failure mode. ② 51 geological hazards result in annual property losses ranging from0.0005 to 3.375 million yuan per year, with an annual mortality probability of 4.16 × 10−5 to 4.40 × 10−2 per person. Among them, there are 12 low-risk sources, 9 medium risk sources, 18 high-risk sources, and 12 extremely high-risk sources. ③ Based on the failure mode and risk assessment results of the slope, corresponding risk control measures and suggestions have been formulated for the geological hazards of the slope in the study area, including relocation avoidance, professional monitoring, engineering prevention and control, and group strategy and prevention. The research results provide technical support for geological hazard prevention and reduction along the Yellow River Highway.-
Key words:
- the Yellow River Highway /
- geological Hazards /
- failure mode /
- risk evaluation /
- risk control
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表 1 研究区边坡灾害变形破坏模式分类
Table 1. Classification of deformation and failure modes of slope disasters in the study area
编号 灾害类型 破坏模式 地层岩性及灾害体特征 编号 灾害类型 破坏模式 地层岩性及灾害体特征 1 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高18 m，宽200 m 27 滑坡 拉裂-滑移 黄土+基岩，厚15～20 m，
坡高120 m，宽270 m2 崩塌 倾倒 黄土，坡高13 m，宽50 m 28 崩塌 滑移 黄土，坡高66 m，宽100 m 3 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高60 m，宽150 m 29 崩塌 滑移 黄土，坡高20 m，宽50 m 4 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高50 m，宽150 m 30 滑坡隐患 拉裂–滑移 黄土，坡高45.5 m，宽100 m 5 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高80 m，宽650 m 31 滑坡 拉裂–滑移 黄土，坡高45.5 m，
宽100 m，厚1～2 m6 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高100 m，宽500 m 32 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高33 m，宽100 m 7 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高96 m，宽250 m 33 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高18.4 m，宽70 m 8 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高65 m，宽150 m 34 滑坡 拉裂–滑移 黄土，坡高23 m，
宽100 m，厚约4 m9 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高65 m，宽250 m 35 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高21 m，宽20 m 10 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高70 m，宽300 m 36 崩塌 滑移 黄土，坡高23 m，宽100 m 11 崩塌隐患 滑移 基岩，坡高108 m，宽150 m 37 崩塌隐患 倾倒 黄土，坡高29 m，宽7 m 12 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高114 m，宽300 m 38 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高29.5 m，宽105 m 13 崩塌隐患 滑移 基岩，坡高115 m，宽150 m 39 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高18 m，宽50 m 14 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高105 m，宽100 m 40 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高20 m，宽150 m 15 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高106 m，宽200 m 41 崩塌隐患 滑移 黄土+基岩，坡高30 m，宽120 m 16 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高90 m，宽500 m 42 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高18 m，宽60 m 17 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高26 m，宽300 m 43 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高19 m，宽100 m 18 崩塌隐患 坠落 基岩，坡高30 m，宽200 m 44 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高13 m，宽70 m 19 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高60 m，宽100 m 45 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高11 m，宽93 m 20 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高45 m，宽100 m 46 崩塌 滑移 黄土，坡高17 m，宽10 m 21 崩塌隐患 坠落 基岩，坡高17 m，宽50 m 47 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高18 m，宽200 m 22 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高35 m，宽30 m 48 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高19 m，宽50 m 23 崩塌隐患 坠落 基岩，坡高15 m，宽100 m 49 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高21 m，宽75 m 24 崩塌隐患 坠落 基岩，坡高23 m，宽70 m 50 崩塌 滑移 黄土，坡高17 m，宽100 m 25 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高20 m，宽60 m 51 崩塌 滑移 黄土，坡高22 m，宽100 m 26 崩塌隐患 倾倒 基岩，坡高25 m，宽250 m 
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表 2 沿黄公路段边坡灾害风险评估结果
Table 2. Results of slope disaster risk assessment along the Yellow Highway section
风险源
编号发生概
率P（L）到达概
率P（T:L）固定承载体时
空概率P（S:T）流动承灾体时
空概率P（S:T）财产易损
性V（prop:S）人员易损
性V（D:T）承灾体
价值E（万元）财产年损失
P（prop）（万元/a）单人年死亡
概率P（LOL）1 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.60 0.60 45.00 0.270 1.25×10−3 2 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.20 0.20 11.25 0.023 4.16×10−4 3 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.40 11.25 0.034 8.32×10−4 4 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.40 22.50 0.090 8.32×10−4 5 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.50 146.25 0.585 1.04×10−3 6 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.40 112.50 0.338 8.32×10−4 7 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.40 56.25 0.169 8.32×10−4 8 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.50 33.75 0.135 1.04×10−3 9 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.20 0.30 56.25 0.011 6.24×10−5 10 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.40 67.50 0.020 8.32×10−5 11 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.40 33.75 0.010 8.32×10−5 12 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.60 67.50 0.270 1.25×10−3 13 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.60 0.70 33.75 2.025 1.46×10−2 14 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.50 22.50 0.090 1.04×10−3 15 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.55 0.60 0.80 55.00 3.300 4.40×10−2 16 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.40 112.50 0.034 8.32×10−5 17 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.50 0.70 67.50 3.375 1.46×10−2 18 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.50 0.60 45.00 2.250 1.25×10−2 19 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.30 22.50 0.009 6.24×10−5 20 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.20 0.30 22.50 0.005 6.24×10−5 21 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.60 11.25 0.045 1.25×10−3 22 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.60 6.75 0.270 1.25×10−2 23 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.60 0.60 22.50 0.135 1.25×10−3 24 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.50 15.75 0.063 1.04×10−3 25 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.40 13.50 0.540 8.32×10−3 26 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.20 0.30 33.75 0.007 6.24×10−5 27 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.50 0.70 60.75 3.038 1.46×10−2 28 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.40 22.50 0.007 8.32×10−5 29 10−2 0.3 1.0 0.208 0.20 0.10 11.25 0.007 6.24×10−5 30 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.30 22.50 0.007 6.24×10−5 31 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.20 22.50 0.068 4.16×10−4 32 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.5 0.60 15.75 0.079 1.25×10−3 33 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.50 15.75 0.630 1.04×10−2 34 10−1 0.5 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.20 9.00 0.135 2.08×10−3 35 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.5 0.70 4.50 0.225 1.46×10−2 36 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.20 1.58 0.0005 4.16×10−5 37 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.50 22.50 0.900 1.04×10−2 38 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.5 0.60 23.63 1.181 1.25×10−2 39 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.50 0.60 11.25 0.563 1.25×10−2 40 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.5 0.50 33.75 1.688 1.04×10−2 41 10−3 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.20 27.00 0.008 4.16×10−5 42 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.5 0.60 13.50 0.675 1.25×10−3 43 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.50 22.50 0.900 1.04×10−3 44 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.40 15.75 0.630 8.32×10−3 45 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.40 0.40 20.93 0.837 8.32×10−3 46 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.30 2.25 0.068 6.24×10−4 47 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.60 0.70 45.00 0.270 1.46×10−3 48 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.60 0.70 11.25 0.068 1.46×10−3 49 10−1 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.50 0.50 16.88 0.844 1.04×10−2 50 10−2 1.0 1.0 0.208 0.30 0.40 22.50 0.068 8.32×10−4 51 10−2 0.3 1.0 0.208 0.20 0.20 22.50 0.014 1.25×10−4
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图(8)
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计量
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