Experimental Study on the Use of Drilling Mud for Ecological Restoration of Mines in Yulin, Northern Shaanxi
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摘要:
近年来钻井法在西部地区得到了广泛的应用，但随之伴随的大量泥浆处置成为了困扰企业和政府的环境难题。钻井泥浆中含有丰富的有机质和矿物质，这些成分能够有效改善土壤的结构和肥力，不合理处置往往会造成巨大的资源浪费和环境污染。为探究废弃钻井泥浆资源化利用的新途径，笔者创新性的将其作为矿山土壤改良剂用于改良陕北干旱地区风积沙，以达到变废为宝的目的。通过开展颗分、渗透性、测定有效磷以及速效K含量等方面的试验，探究了废弃钻井泥浆对陕北矿区风积沙土壤生态修复改良效果及其机理；结合一系列盆栽试验，研究了泥浆掺入对植株株高、叶片发育、根系发育等关键生长特征参数的影响，对比分析了不同处理组之间的植株生长情况。试验结果表明，泥浆的加入有效降低了矿区风积沙渗透性，提高风积沙中黏粒含量、有效磷以及速效K含量，即泥浆的加入使得风积沙土具有了“海绵吸水效应”，并同时起到了“锁住”风积沙水分的良好效果，其肥力也显著提升；盆栽试验结果表明废弃钻井泥浆有效提升了植株的植株株高、叶片发育、根系发育等关键生长特征，证明钻井泥浆可有效改良陕北风积沙区的土壤，提高植株品质；此外综合各项试验结果发现研究区钻井泥浆改良矿山风积沙土壤的最优掺入比为10%。研究成果为钻井泥浆用于陕北矿山生态修复的资源化利用提供了理论依据和试验参考。
Abstract:In recent years, drilling methods have been widely used in western regions, but the accompanying disposal of a large amount of mud has become an environmental problem that troubles enterprises and governments. Drilling mud contains abundant organic matter and minerals, which can effectively improve soil structure and fertility. Improper disposal often leads to huge resource waste and environmental pollution. In order to explore new ways of resource utilization of abandoned drilling mud, this article innovatively uses it as a mine soil amendment to improve aeolian sand in arid areas of northern Shaanxi, in order to achieve the goal of turning waste into treasure. By conducting experiments on particle size distribution, permeability, determination of available phosphorus and potassium content, the ecological restoration and improvement effect and mechanism of abandoned drilling mud on aeolian sand soil in northern Shaanxi mining area were explored; Based on a series of pot experiments, the effects of mud addition on key growth characteristic parameters such as plant height, leaf development, and root development were studied, and the plant growth between different treatment groups was compared and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the addition of mud effectively reduced the permeability of aeolian sand in the mining area, increased the content of clay particles, available phosphorus, and available potassium in aeolian sand. That is, the addition of mud made aeolian sand have a "sponge water absorption effect" and also played a good role in "locking" the moisture of aeolian sand, significantly improving its fertility; The results of the pot experiment showed that the waste drilling mud effectively improved the key growth characteristics of plants, such as plant height, leaf development, and root development, proving that drilling mud can effectively improve the soil in the wind blown sand area of northern Shaanxi and enhance plant quality; In addition, based on the comprehensive results of various experiments, it was found that the optimal mixing ratio of drilling mud for improving aeolian sand soil in the study area is 10%. The research results provide theoretical basis and experimental reference for the resource utilization of drilling mud for ecological restoration of mines in northern Shaanxi.
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Key words:
- drilling method /
- waste mud /
- wind blown sand /
- soil improvement /
- ecological restoration
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表 1 风积沙基本参数
Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of undisturbed soil
渗透系数
（cm/s）颗粒度（mm） 元素含量
（mg/kg）0.5～0.25 0.25～0.075 ＜0.075 有效磷 速效钾 0.2772 86.9 8.0 1.8 19.15 110.24 
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