岩浆铜镍矿床中硫化物的垂向物理运移机制

姚卓森

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2024132

岩浆铜镍矿床中硫化物的垂向物理运移机制

姚卓森

中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院，地质过程与成矿预测全国重点实验室，湖北武汉　430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目“岩浆铜镍矿床中硫化物的垂向物理运移机制——以喀拉通克矿床为例”（42272084），国家重点研发计划课题“大陆裂解过程中圈层相互作用与成矿物质循环”（2021YFF0804204）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 姚卓森（1990−），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩浆矿床成矿动力学过程与关键金属超常富集机制的研究。E−mail：yaozhuosen@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P611.1+1；P616

收稿日期: 2024-11-15

修回日期: 2024-12-28

录用日期: 2024-12-31

刊出日期: 2025-08-20

Vertical Transfer of Sulfide in the Magmatic Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposits

YAO Zhuosen

State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

Received Date: 15 November 2024

Revised Date: 28 December 2024

Accepted Date: 31 December 2024

Publish Date: 20 August 2025

摘要

摘要:
硫化物作为亲硫元素的主要载体，其在动态多级岩浆系统内的物理运移和聚集是岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的关键成矿过程。但目前人们对相关动力学过程的理解停留于经验认识阶段，即便仅是硫化物在多级系统内的垂向物理运移方向也仍未达成共识。小岩体成大矿模式强调富矿岩浆及矿浆的向上贯入，而岩浆通道式成矿则认为硫化物的向下渗滤和重力回流是主导机制。笔者归纳了硫化物动力学过程的全新研究手段，系统梳理了多级岩浆系统内硫化物液滴、混合液滴以及矿浆等的垂向运移过程及相关物理机制，并细致阐明了岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床中珠滴状、稀疏浸染状、稠密浸染状、豹纹网脉状、斑杂网脉状、块状、角砾状等典型矿石构造的形成过程。本研究旨在查明硫化物的垂向运移规律和物理机制，刻画成矿物质的物理富集过程，以期能达到高效圈定成矿有利部位，科学指导深边部找矿勘查的最终目的。
- 铜镍硫化物矿床 /
- 关键金属的超常富集 /
- 硫化物的垂向迁移 /
- 典型矿石结构 /
- 成矿动力学过程
Abstract:
In the dynamic, multistage magmatic systems, the particularly important processes in forming magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits are the transport and accumulation of dense sulfide liquid that is the main carrier of chalcophile elements. However, the dynamic behaviors of sulfide liquids in magmatic systems, remain largely empirical and poorly constrained. Even now, the well-know, ore-forming models have polarized viewpoints toward the direction of sulfide vertical transfer in a dynamic magmatic system. The "Small Intrusion Forming Large Deposits" model highlights upward transfer of sulfide-rich magmas and pulses of pure sulfide liquids, while the downward percolation, injection and gravitational back-flow of sulfide liquids play a major role in the formation of "Conduit-type Deposits". In this paper, we summarize the novel methods for studying sulfide’s dynamic processes, systematically review the vertical migration processes and associated physical mechanisms of sulfide droplets, compound droplets and pure sulfide liquids within multistage magmatic systems, and elaborate on the formation processes of typical ore textures in magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits, including the sulfide globules, fine disseminated, dense disseminated, leopard net-textures, patchy net-textures, massive, and sulfide matrix breccia ores. This work is aimed at revealing the vertical migration and physical mechanisms of sulfides, outlining the physical enrichment processes of ore-forming materials, and ultimately achieving efficient delineation of favorable areas for mineralization and scientifically guiding the prospecting in depth and outside of orebodies in the future.
- magmatic sulfide deposits /
- extreme enrichment of critical metals /
- vertical transfer of sulfides /
- typical ore texture /
- ore-forming dynamics

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图 1 小岩体成大矿模型（a）和岩浆通道式成矿模型（b）（据汤中立等, 2015; Yao et al., 2019修改）

Figure 1.

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图 2 硫化物三维CT扫描结果（a）、类比模拟实验示意图（b）、硫化物液滴在岩浆湍流中发生撕裂破碎的流体动力学数值模拟结果（c）（据Robertson et al., 2015; Barnes et al., 2019a，2019b; Williams et al., 2022修改）

Figure 2.

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图 3 岩浆体系内硫化物液滴与矿物沉降过程的示意图（据Chung et al., 2009修改）

Figure 3.

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图 4 硫化物液滴动力学过程与自身粒径、岩浆流动强度的示意图

Figure 4.

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图 5 硫化物液滴在通道中运移（a）、连通硫化物熔体在晶粥总渗滤（b）、相应的硫化物三维结构（c）及硫化物液滴在岩浆流动突扩处聚集成矿示意图（d）（据Chung et al., 2009; Mao et al., 2018修改）

Figure 5.

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图 6 动态岩浆流经硫化物熔体池所引起的界面失稳破碎过程（据Barnes et al., 2019a，2019b修改）

Figure 6.

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图 7 岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床中的典型矿石构造（部分据Barnes et al., 2017修改）

Figure 7.

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岩浆铜镍矿床中硫化物的垂向物理运移机制

中国地质大学（武汉） 资源学院，地质过程与成矿预测全国重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430074

作者简介: 姚卓森（1990−），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩浆矿床成矿动力学过程与关键金属超常富集机制的研究。E−mail：yaozhuosen@cug.edu.cn

Vertical Transfer of Sulfide in the Magmatic Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposits

State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

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中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院，地质过程与成矿预测全国重点实验室，湖北武汉　430074