陕西省丹凤县庾岭锑矿的发现及找矿意义

吕宏伟; 徐磊; 徐晓明; 柳坤峰; 彭岩; 王璐

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2025064

陕西省丹凤县庾岭锑矿的发现及找矿意义

1.
中陕核工业集团地质调查院有限公司，陕西西安　710100

2.
江西省煤田地质勘察研究院，江西南昌　330006

基金项目: 陕西省2023年地质勘查基金项目“陕西省丹凤县回头山晶质石墨矿普查”（61201707328），中陕核地调院科研项目“北秦岭蟒岭南部锑多金属成矿条件及选区研究”（91612023004）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 吕宏伟（1982−），男，工程师，主要从事地质矿产勘查与成矿规律研究工作。E−mail：3281496052@qq.com

通讯作者: 柳坤峰（1990−），男，高级工程师，主要从事区域地质矿产调查、区域地球化学普查等工作。E−mail：739885185@qq.com。

中图分类号: P611

收稿日期: 2025-04-16

修回日期: 2025-05-20

录用日期: 2025-05-29

刊出日期: 2025-08-20

The Discovery of Antimony Deposit in Yuling, Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province and Its Prospecting Significance

1.
Sino Shaanxi Nuclear Industry Group Geological Survey Co, Ltd, Xi’an 710100, Shaanxi, China

2.
Jiangxi Provincial Coal Geological Exploration and Research Institute, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Kunfeng, 739885185@qq.com

Received Date: 16 April 2025

Revised Date: 20 May 2025

Accepted Date: 29 May 2025

Publish Date: 20 August 2025

摘要

摘要:
新发现的丹凤县庾岭锑矿位于北秦岭复合岛弧杂岩带之东部，成矿区划为北秦岭Au-Cu-Mo-Sb-石墨-蓝晶石-红柱石-金红石成矿带。矿体赋存于中元古界峡河岩群寨根岩组中，圈定锑矿体4条，初步估算锑潜在资源约为8000 t。矿石中有用矿物主要为辉锑矿、黄锑矿。矿石结构主要为自形、半自形，矿石构造类型为星散浸染状构造，少量呈条带状构造。该发现增加了该区锑矿床数量，也为在该区进一步寻找锑矿补充了矿床实例。笔者在对成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿石质量特征及矿石类型研究的基础上，对矿床成因进行了初步探讨并归纳总结区域找矿标志。辉锑矿微量元素中Sb、W较为富集，稀土元素分配曲线表现为轻稀土元素富集重稀土元素亏损的右倾曲线。辉锑矿中δ³⁴S值为5.20‰ ~7.12‰，Pb同位素组成较稳定，变化范围较小，比值比较均一。研究表明，庾岭锑矿可分为石英–辉锑矿型、石英–辉锑矿–方解石型两种矿石类型，是构造–热液再造型锑矿床，成矿作用受到上地壳岩浆活动以及构造活动、变质变形作用的控制，成矿物质来源于上地壳岩浆热液与早期沉积地层。找矿标志具有特定层位、岩性、构造、岩浆岩及围岩蚀变特征。
- 锑矿 /
- 地质特征 /
- 矿床成因 /
- 找矿标志 /
- 庾岭
Abstract:
The newly discovered Yuling antimony deposit in Danfeng County is located in the eastern part of the North Qinling Composite Island Arc Complex. The mineralization area is classified as the North Qinling Au-Cu-Mo-Sb-Graphite-Kyanite-Sillimanite-Rutile mineralization belt. The ore body is hosted in the Zhai Gen Formation of the Xiahe Rock Group of the Mesoproterozoic. Four antimony ore bodies have been delineated, and the estimated potential antimony resources are approximately 8000 tons. The useful minerals in the ore are mainly stibnite and hauerite. The ore structure is mainly euhedral and subhedral, and the ore texture type is disseminated and disseminated in a starry pattern, with a small amount of banded texture. This discovery has increased the number of antimony deposits in this area and provided an additional example for further exploration of antimony deposits in this area. Based on the study of the geological background of mineralization, geological characteristics of the deposit, quality characteristics of the ore, and types of ore, the author has made a preliminary discussion on the genesis of the deposit and summarized the regional exploration indicators. The trace elements in stibnite are relatively enriched in Sb and W, and the rare earth element distribution curve shows a right-inclined curve with enrichment of light rare earth elements and depletion of heavy rare earth elements. The δ³⁴S value of stibnite is between 5.20‰ and 7.12‰, and the lead isotope composition is relatively stable with a small range of variation and relatively uniform ratios. The research shows that the Yuling antimony deposit can be divided into two ore types: quartz-stibnite type and quartz-stibnite-calcite type. It is a tectonic-hydrothermal remobilization type antimony deposit, and the mineralization is controlled by magmatic activity in the upper crust, tectonic activity, and metamorphic deformation. The ore-forming materials are derived from magmatic hydrothermal fluids in the upper crust and early sedimentary strata. The exploration indicators have specific stratigraphic, lithologic, structural, magmatic rock, and wall rock alteration characteristics.
- antimony deposit /
- geological characteristics /
- deposit genesis /
- prospecting mark /
- Yuling

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图 1 庾岭锑矿区域地质简图（据张勇等，2022修改）

Figure 1.

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图 2 丹凤庾岭锑矿床矿区地质图

Figure 2.

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图 3 锑矿体宏观特征及矿石矿物特征

Figure 3.

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图 4 显微镜下矿石矿物特征

Figure 4.

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图 5 显微镜下矿石构造特征

Figure 5.

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图 6 锑矿石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解

Figure 6.

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图 7 庾岭锑矿与蔡凹锑矿辉锑矿S同位素分布直方图

Figure 7.

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图 8 典型锑矿床与庾岭锑矿床S同位素组成分布图

Figure 8.

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图 9 庾岭锑矿床²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb图解（a）与²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb图解（b）

Figure 9.

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图 10 庾岭锑矿床Pb同位素Δγ–Δβ图解

Figure 10.

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图 11 辉锑矿矿石Pb-Cu相关图解

Figure 11.

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表 1 庾岭锑矿体形态、规模、产状一览表

Table 1. List of the form, scale and occurrence of Yuling antimony deposit

矿体编号	规模（m）		锑品位	赋矿岩性	矿体形态	产状	工程个数（个）
矿体编号	长度	真厚度	（%）	赋矿岩性	矿体形态	产状	槽探	钻探
Ⅰ-1	170	1.28～4.43	0.53～2.21	深灰色硅质大理岩	波状、似层状	340°～350° ∠54°～60°	2	2
Ⅱ-1	120	2.20～2.61	1.18～2.30	深灰色硅质大理岩	似层状	15°～28° ∠72°～77°	3	2
Ⅲ-1	300	1.82～3.26	0.79～2.23	深灰色硅质大理岩	缓波状、似层状	15°～30° ∠62°～77°	5	3
Ⅳ-1	60	0.82～2.86	0.73～1.65	深灰色硅质大理岩	波状、似层状	10°～14° ∠47°～60°	2	1

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表 2 研究区锑矿石样品微量元素组成（10^–6）

Table 2. Trace element composition and characteristic parameters of antimony ore samples in the study area (10^–6)

样品编号	Sb	W	Sn	Pb	Bi	Be	Li	Sc	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Mo
TC50-1HX	33.24	20.43	0.45	47.98	0.11	0.69	93.17	6.37	21.72	79.03	60.96	32.42	9.85	117.16	5.90	0.34
TC51-1HX	197.62	246.30	1.98	71.83	0.25	1.13	111.70	8.54	54.66	129.79	73.97	58.60	27.62	157.54	10.68	0.31
TC52-1HX	107.61	63.69	0.60	54.01	0.15	0.86	119.60	6.86	38.19	86.88	67.24	49.03	13.28	227.98	5.59	0.25
TC53-1HX	158.71	37.45	0.83	54.40	0.27	0.86	98.99	6.81	32.03	93.50	62.02	55.12	21.58	90.92	8.01	0.20
TC54-1HX	418.67	37.06	0.69	26.16	0.25	0.78	67.62	6.29	22.55	101.45	45.77	85.39	18.05	86.95	7.69	0.13
TC60-1HX	61.60	26.51	1.97	50.69	0.31	1.50	106.30	9.57	60.61	107.11	56.98	46.23	32.26	62.56	15.00	1.06
TC60-2HX	281.29	25.89	1.01	57.90	0.15	1.08	86.94	8.52	29.64	90.26	31.62	47.48	12.40	118.26	10.25	0.19
TC61-1HX	251.02	27.70	1.14	32.75	0.16	0.84	70.17	7.75	33.59	64.07	35.67	23.87	11.05	78.02	9.23	0.29
TC61-2HX	195.63	38.25	0.73	55.66	0.15	1.03	84.53	8.06	27.38	77.51	61.44	31.85	24.38	681.21	10.23	0.19
TC61-3HX	272.27	63.57	1.17	25.27	0.39	1.06	122.50	6.68	40.86	76.50	55.26	27.09	14.27	110.82	8.40	0.23

样品编号	Rb	Sr	Cd	In	Te	Cs	Ba	Tl	Th	U	Zr	Hf	Nb	Ta	Zr/Hf	Nb/Ta
TC50-1HX	43.65	141.59	0.34	0.03	0.04	5.12	162.88	0.71	4.54	1.71	71.79	2.35	1.26	0.38	30.55	3.34
TC51-1HX	78.62	108.14	0.264	0.04	0.03	10.62	378.73	0.92	8.18	2.25	129.89	4.12	3.91	0.73	31.50	5.38
TC52-1HX	40.01	166.95	0.53	0.03	0.07	6.50	111.41	0.86	4.66	2.19	78.77	2.72	0.79	0.17	28.95	4.73
TC53-1HX	60.34	106.54	0.29	0.03	0.02	7.02	313.72	0.87	6.19	2.69	90.65	3.20	0.59	0.10	28.36	5.67
TC54-1HX	55.81	97.55	0.43	0.03	0.03	6.15	180.19	0.96	5.33	2.48	80.29	2.68	0.50	0.18	29.91	2.77
TC60-1HX	114.14	100.14	0.09	0.04	0.03	14.18	427.08	1.21	16.39	3.19	202.65	6.36	1.87	0.13	31.88	14.04
TC60-2HX	74.37	113.51	0.41	0.03	0.06	9.78	298.36	0.91	8.39	2.42	125.85	3.93	0.88	0.16	32.04	5.41
TC61-1HX	69.83	74.28	0.23	0.04	0.05	8.27	312.46	0.96	6.29	2.71	96.64	3.23	0.56	0.11	29.90	5.00
TC61-2HX	77.96	76.59	1.48	0.04	0.04	7.76	372.78	1.05	5.61	2.32	91.06	3.33	0.29	0.09	27.32	3.24
TC61-3HX	71.03	82.33	0.27	0.03	0.08	7.58	176.23	1.33	6.47	4.00	96.04	3.29	1.34	0.32	29.23	4.16
注：测试单位为西安兆年矿物测试技术有限公司。

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表 3 研究区锑矿石样品稀土元素组成（10^–6）

Table 3. Trace element composition and characteristic parameters of antimony ore samples in the study area (10^–6)

样品编号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Y
TC50-1HX	18.10	36.87	4.12	15.46	2.81	0.60	2.60	0.38	2.29	0.46	1.33	0.20	1.19	0.18	11.85
TC51-1HX	28.80	57.14	6.39	23.95	4.36	0.88	3.80	0.55	3.07	0.60	1.67	0.24	1.58	0.26	16.21
TC52-1HX	23.69	45.55	5.59	21.67	3.71	0.76	3.17	0.47	2.65	0.57	1.57	0.24	1.48	0.22	15.84
TC53-1HX	21.92	43.48	4.92	18.50	3.38	0.70	2.90	0.44	2.35	0.46	1.23	0.19	1.19	0.21	11.64
TC54-1HX	25.64	48.23	5.53	20.52	3.76	0.78	3.22	0.48	2.62	0.54	1.45	0.21	1.37	0.21	14.70
TC60-1HX	41.13	85.84	9.40	34.98	6.21	1.16	4.83	0.69	3.66	0.74	2.06	0.30	2.04	0.31	18.40
TC60-2HX	31.27	59.54	6.76	25.52	4.61	0.87	3.70	0.54	2.89	0.57	1.55	0.24	1.45	0.24	15.44
TC61-1HX	25.66	49.70	5.57	21.54	3.94	0.78	3.83	0.57	3.22	0.63	1.67	0.26	1.54	0.23	16.75
TC61-2HX	21.26	43.36	4.81	18.01	3.23	0.64	2.81	0.38	2.13	0.43	1.12	0.17	1.10	0.18	11.03
TC61-3HX	27.13	51.03	5.94	22.23	4.13	0.90	4.32	0.68	3.60	0.72	1.91	0.28	1.69	0.26	19.26

样品编号	Y/Ho	∑REE	LREE	HREE	LREE/HREE		LRE	MRE	HRE	δEu	δCe	（La/Sm）_n	（Gd/Yb）_n	（La/Yb）_n
TC50-1HX	25.71	86.59	77.96	8.63	9.03		74.55	9.14	2.90	0.67	1.01	4.16	1.81	10.91
TC51-1HX	26.92	133.29	121.51	11.78	10.32		116.28	13.26	3.75	0.64	0.99	4.27	1.99	13.04
TC52-1HX	27.83	111.32	100.96	10.36	9.74		96.49	11.33	3.50	0.66	0.94	4.12	1.77	11.50
TC53-1HX	25.42	101.86	92.89	8.97	10.36		88.81	10.23	2.82	0.66	0.99	4.18	2.01	13.18
TC54-1HX	27.03	114.55	104.45	10.10	10.34		99.91	11.39	3.24	0.66	0.95	4.40	1.95	13.42
TC60-1HX	24.87	193.35	178.72	14.63	12.22		171.35	17.29	4.71	0.62	1.03	4.27	1.96	14.49
TC60-2HX	26.90	139.76	128.57	11.18	11.50		123.09	13.18	3.48	0.62	0.96	4.38	2.11	15.43
TC61-1HX	26.55	119.14	107.19	11.95	8.97		102.46	12.99	3.69	0.61	0.97	4.20	2.06	11.95
TC61-2HX	25.58	99.61	91.31	8.30	11.00		87.44	9.61	2.56	0.63	1.01	4.25	2.10	13.83
TC61-3HX	26.83	124.81	111.36	13.45	8.28		106.33	14.34	4.14	0.65	0.94	4.25	2.11	11.52
注：测试单位为西安兆年矿物测试技术有限公司。

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表 4 辉锑矿岩（矿）石样品S同位素样品测试结果

Table 4. Sulfur isotope results of stibnite ore (rock) samples

样号	矿物名称	δ³⁴S（‰）	平均（‰）	采样
DX-1	辉锑矿	5.84	6.19	庾岭地区
DX-2	辉锑矿	5.20
XN-1	辉锑矿	6.59
XN-2	辉锑矿	7.12
ⅡC-2	辉锑矿	5.30	6.77	蔡凹锑矿
ⅡC-3	辉锑矿	7.00
ⅡC-5	辉锑矿	8.00
注：测试单位为西安兆年矿物测试技术有限公司。

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表 5 庾岭-蔡凹锑矿辉锑矿石Pb同位素样品测试结果统计表

Table 5. Lead isotope analysis results of stibnite ore samples from Guying-Caiwo antimony deposit

样号	矿物名称	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	2SE	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	2SE	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	2SE	采样位置
DX-1	辉锑矿	18.3062	0.003	15.6664	0.004	38.4032	0.009	庾岭地区西沟矿段
DX-2	辉锑矿	18.2959	0.004	15.6359	0.005	38.3711	0.008	庾岭地区西沟矿段
XN-1	辉锑矿	18.4870	0.002	15.6925	0.003	38.6555	0.007	庾岭地区南沟矿段
XN-2	辉锑矿	18.4589	0.005	15.6797	0.004	38.5994	0.007	庾岭地区南沟矿段
CW-1	辉锑矿	17.8705	0.003	15.5950	0.002	38.3596	0.008	蔡凹锑矿
CW-2	辉锑矿	18.1103	0.007	15.5460	0.004	38.1244	0.014	蔡凹锑矿
注：测试单位为西安兆年矿物测试技术有限公司。

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表 6 庾岭-蔡凹锑矿辉锑矿Pb同位素比值与相关参数表

Table 6. Pb isotope ratio and related parameters of stibnite in Yuling-Caiwa antimony mine

样号	样品名称	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	t（Ma）	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb	μ	ω	Th/U	△α	△β	△γ
DX-1	辉锑矿	18.3062	15.6664	38.4032	470	1.1685	9.61	37.57	3.78	91.08	23.86	45.12
DX-2	辉锑矿	18.2959	15.6359	38.3711	470	1.1701	9.55	37.21	3.77	90.46	21.87	44.25
XN-1	辉锑矿	18.487	15.6925	38.6555	470	1.1781	9.64	37.86	3.80	101.85	25.57	51.99
XN-2	辉锑矿	18.4589	15.6797	38.5994	470	1.1772	9.62	37.66	3.79	100.18	24.73	50.46
CW-1	辉锑矿	17.8705	15.595	38.3596	470	1.1459	9.52	39.27	3.99	65.11	19.20	43.93
CW-2	辉锑矿	18.1103	15.546	38.1244	470	1.1649	9.39	36.37	3.75	79.40	15.99	37.53
注：Pb同位素特征参数μ为²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb值；ω为²³²Th/²⁰⁴Pb值；t为漂池岩体成岩年龄（秦拯纬，2016）；∆α，∆β和∆γ计算参考朱炳泉（1998）。

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