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摘要:
铜铅分离是复杂硫化矿选矿技术难题之一。在分析铜铅硫化矿资源概况及矿物组成特点的基础上，综合评述了现阶段铜铅硫化矿浮选分离的主要工艺流程，总结了铜铅浮选分离的药剂制度及机理研究，并指出绿色环保的新型靶向浮选药剂的研发、生物浸出技术和电位调控浮选技术的应用，是未来提高铜铅分离效率和资源综合利用水平的主要发展方向。
Abstract:The separation of copper and lead is one of the technical difficulties in complex sulfide ore beneficiation. On the basis of analyzing the general situation of copper-lead sulfide ore resources and the characteristics of mineral composition, this paper comprehensively reviews the main process flow of copper-lead sulfide ore flotation separation at the present stage, summarizes the research on the chemical system and mechanism of copper-lead flotation separation, and points out that the research and development of green and environmentally friendly new targeted flotation reagents, the application of bioleaching technology and potential control flotation technology are the main development directions for improving the separation efficiency of copper and lead and the comprehensive utilization level of resources in the future.
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Key words:
- chalcopyrite /
- galena /
- sulfide ore /
- flotation /
- separation
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表 1 常用的硫化铜矿浮选捕收剂
Table 1. Common collectors for the copper sulfide ore flotation
药剂名称 结构式或化学名称 备注 烷基二硫代碳酸盐（黄药） ROCSS-M+ R=C2～C6 烷基或芳基二硫代磷酸盐（黑药） (RO)2PSS-M+ R=C2～C6 二硫代氨基甲酸盐（硫氮） (R)2NCSS-M+ R=C1～C3 一硫代氨基甲酸酯（硫氨酯） R1OC(=S)N(R2)2 R=H，C1～C6 硫代均二苯脲（白药） (C6H5NH)2C(=S) 烷基双黄原酸酯 (ROCS)2S R=C2～C6 黄原酸酯 ROCSSR’ R=C2～C6
R′有多种选择巯基苯并噻唑 C6H4(-N=)(-S-)C-SH 烷基或芳基二硫代膦酸盐 (R)2PSS-M+ R=C2～C6 烷基硫醇 RSH R=C10～C12 二烷基二硫化物 RSSR R=C4～C8 烷基三硫代碳酸盐 RSCSS－M+ R=C2～C6 
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表 2 硫化铜矿浮选的新型捕收剂
Table 2. New type collectors for the copper sulfide ore flotation
药剂名称 结构式或化学名称 备注 烷基或芳基一硫代磷酸烷基或芳基亚磷酸盐 (RO)2PSO-M+
(R)2 PSO-M+R=C2～C6 N－烯丙基一硫代氨基甲酸盐 ROC(=S)NHCH2CH=CH2 R=C2～C6 烷氧羰基烷基一硫代氨基甲酸酯 R1OC(=S)NHC(=O)OR2 R=C2～C5 烷氧羰基烷基硫脲 R1NHC(=S)NHC(=O)OR2 R=C2～C6 二烷基硫化物 RSR R=C2～C6 烷基硫代胺 RSR′NH2 R=C2～C10 二硫代氨基甲酸-α-羰基酯 RC(=O)SC(=S)NH2 R=C4～C8
R′=C2～C3MIG－4E捕收剂 HC≡CH-CH=CH-O-C4H9 HATT 捕收剂[21] 3-己基-4-氨基-1，2，4-三唑-5-硫酮 MBT 捕收剂[22] （2-巯基苯并噻唑） DTPINa捕收剂[23] （二异丁基二硫代次磷酸钠）
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| 引用本文: |
王瑞康, 蓝卓越, 杨迪, 童雄. 铜铅硫化矿浮选分离研究现状及展望[J]. 矿产综合利用, 2025, 46(4): 32-40. doi: 10.12476/kczhly.202207070422
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| Citation: |
WANG Ruikang, LAN Zhuoyue, YANG Di, TONG Xiong. Research Status and Prospect of Flotation Separation of a Copper-lead Sulfide Ore[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2025, 46(4): 32-40. doi: 10.12476/kczhly.202207070422
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