Current Application Status of Photoelectric Pre-discarded Technology in Waste Rock Recovery Process
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摘要:
中国矿产资源储量丰富，但整体上呈现品位低、嵌布粒度细、成分复杂等特点。随着矿产资源消耗量的增加，产生的废石量也不断增加，大量堆积的废石不仅占用了宝贵的土地资源，还对环境造成了污染。因此，废石的回收利用是提高资源利用率、节约矿产资源、保护生态环境的有效途径。其中，提取废石中的有用组分是实现其最大化利用的关键，而预先抛废则是高效利用废石的重要基础。详细介绍了光电选矿技术在废石预先抛废中的应用，对比分析了X射线透射、图像色选、X射线表面辐射等不同光电预选技术的优缺点，展望了光电选矿技术在预先抛废领域的未来发展。
Abstract:Our country boasts abundant mineral resources, but they are of a low grade, with a fine distribution and complex composition. With the increase of the consumption of mineral resources, the amount of waste rock generated is also increasing. The large accumulation of waste rock not only occupies valuable land resources but also causes environmental pollution. Therefore, the recycling and utilization of waste rock is an effective way to improve resource efficiency, conserve mineral resources, and protect the ecological environment. Extracting valuable components from waste rock is key to maximizing its utilization, and pre-discarded is an important basis for the efficient utilization of waste rocks. This paper introduces the application of photoelectric beneficiation technology in pre-discarded of waste rock, compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different photoelectric beneficiation technologies such as XRT, image color separation, and XRF, and looks forward to the future development of photoelectric beneficiation technology in the field of pre-disposal.
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Key words:
- waste rock /
- comprehensive utilization /
- pre-discarded /
- photoelectric beneficiation
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表 1 预选抛废技术特性[15]
Table 1. Characteristics of preconcentration waste disposal technology
预选抛废技术名称 原理 优缺点 适用范围 手工拣选预选 通过工人目视和手工操作，将矿石中的废石或低品位矿石挑选出 直观性强，但分选效率低、人工成本高、工人劳动强度大 矿石外观特征明显、矿石品位差异较大、生产规模较小的矿山 光电预选 利用光电传感器检测矿石的颜色、反射率和透明度等光学特性，再通过图像处理和模式识别技术实现有用矿物与废石的分离 精度高、节能环保、自动化程度高，但设备成本高、技术复杂、对矿石表面要求高 矿石外观特征明显、矿石品位差异较大、生产规模较大的矿山，特别是有色金属、贵金属和部分非金属矿石，能够处理细粒级的矿石 跳汰预选 垂直交变介质中物料按密度差异进行分离 处理量大、操作简单、成本低，但分选精度低，只适用于粗、中粒矿石 密度差异较大的矿石 螺旋溜槽预选 利用水流在螺旋溜槽中的离心力和重力作用，使矿石按密度差异进行分离 处理量大、操作简单、成本低，但分选精度低，只适用于细粒级矿石 适用于密度差异较大且有用矿物单体解离度高的矿石 磁力预选 利用矿物的磁性差异将磁性矿物与非磁性矿物分离 效率高、自动化程度高、成本低，但矿种的局限性非常强 适用于磁性矿物以及部分有色金属矿石 
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