Investigation on Heat Storage Characteristics of Vanadium Tailings/Carbon Foam/Organic Matter Composite Phase Change Materials
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摘要:
以普通泡沫碳(CF)为支撑材料，石蜡(PW)、十六酸(PA)和硬脂酸(SA)为相变主材，攀枝花提钒尾渣(TV)为导热强化剂，采用恒温浸渍法和浇注法制备提钒尾渣/泡沫碳/有机质复合相变材料，使用数字温度计和红外成像仪对复合相变材料蓄-放热时间及温度场分布情况进行测试。测试结果表明，采用恒温浸渍法制备泡沫碳/有机质复合相变材料时，泡沫碳吸附石蜡、十六酸和硬脂酸的吸附率分别为66%、72%和72%，填充率较低，因此将有机质和微米级TV混合之后再浇注于泡沫碳孔隙中，填充效果更好；在CF/PW、CF/PA和CF/SA复合材料中分别添加2%、1.6%和0.8%的微米级TV后制得的材料蓄-放热时间比对应的复合材料短，在CF/PW复合材料中添加TV后蓄-放热时间缩短最显著；在三种泡沫碳/有机质复合材料当中分别添加0%～3%微米级TV时，中心处温度和最高温度之间的差值比纯有机质高分别高2.7～3.8、6.4～7.8、5.0～11.9 ℃。蓄-放热时间和温度场分布测试结果均表明，在CF/PW复合相变材料中添加微米级TV效果较好。
Abstract:Using carbon foam (CF) as supporting materials, paraffin (PW), palmitic acid (PA) and stearic acid (SA) as phase change main materials and Panzhihua vanadium tailings (VT) as thermal conductivity enhancer, vanadium tailings/carbon foam/organic composite phase change materials were prepared by constant temperature impregnation and pouring method. Digital thermometer and infrared image were used to test the heat storage and release time and temperature distribution of composite phase change materials. The test results show that when the carbon foamed/organic composite phase change material is prepared by the constant temperature impregnation, the adsorption rates of carbon foam to PW, PA, and SA are 66%, 72% and 72%, respectively. The filling rate is low. Therefore, after mixing organic matter with micron-level TV and then pouring it into the carbon foam pores, the filling effect is better. The thermal storage shortened time of CF/PW, CF/PA and CF/SA composites with the addition of 2%, 1.6% and 0.8% of micron-level TV was shorter than that of the corresponding composites. When 0%～3% of micron-level TV was added to three kinds of carbon foamed/organic composites, the difference between the center temperature and the highest temperature was 2.7～3.8, 6.4～7.8 and 5.0～11.9 ℃ higher than that of pure organic material. The test results of thermal storage shortened time and temperature field distribution show that micrometer TV is the best in CF/PW composite phase change materials.
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表 1 提钒尾渣的化学成分/%
Table 1. Chemical constituents of vanadium tailings
TFe TiO2 V2O5 MnO SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO Cr2O3 32.80 12.90 2.08 7.84 14.40 3.20 2.50 3.57 2.24 
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表 2 泡沫碳吸附时间对有机质吸附率的影响
Table 2. Effect of carbon foam adsorption time on adsorption rate
吸附时间/min 20 30 40 50 60 吸附率/ % CF/PW 0.66 0.65 0.67 0.66 0.66 CF/PA 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.74 0.75 CF/SA 0.72 0.71 0.72 0.71 0.72
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表 3 复合材料在特定温度下的蓄-放热时间
Table 3. Thermal storage and release time of composite phase change materials at specific temperatures
TV添加百分比/% 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 3.0 TV/CF/PW 30.0～62.5 ℃蓄热时间/s 2 410 2 310 2 164 1 858 1 643 1 580 1 705 62.5～35.0 ℃放热时间/s 2 852 2 973 2 597 2 802 2 627 2 105 2 371 TV/CF/PA 30.0～65.0 ℃蓄热时间/s 828 1 870 935 1 570 713 1 610 507 65.0～35.0 ℃放热时间/s 2 138 2 587 2 026 2 456 2 062 2 515 2 357 TV/CF/SA 30.0～72.5 ℃蓄热时间/s 1 510 1 681 1 487 1 582 1 718 1 435 1 532 72.5～35.0 ℃放热时间/s 3 526 4 453 3 559 4 261 3 690 3 659 3 310
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