低共熔溶剂在废锂离子电池回收中的研究进展

马小雪; 王海锋; 王佳炜; 张梓慧; 郝娟; 何亚群

doi:10.12476/kczhly.202311130595

低共熔溶剂在废锂离子电池回收中的研究进展

中国矿业大学化工学院，江苏　徐州　221116

基金项目: 江苏省科技计划专项资金资助项目（BE2022717）

详细信息

作者简介: 马小雪（1999-），女，硕士，主要从事废旧锂离子电池回收方面的研究

通讯作者: 王海锋（1978-），男，教授，博士，主要从事废旧锂离子电池回收方面的研究

中图分类号: X705

收稿日期: 2023-11-13

刊出日期: 2025-06-25

Research Progress of Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Recycling of Spent Lithium-ion Batteries

School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Haifeng, whfcumt@126.com

Received Date: 13 November 2023

Publish Date: 25 June 2025

摘要

摘要:
随着电动汽车、储能等产业的快速发展，锂离子电池需求快速增长，随之而来其报废量也日益增长，高效资源化回收废旧锂离子电池成为我国目前亟须解决的重大问题。废旧锂离子电池目前主要采用的火法冶金、湿法冶金和修复再生等方法都存在各自的不足，亟须更加绿色高效的回收处理方法。低共熔溶剂因具备热稳定性、易合成和毒性弱等优点，在废锂离子电池回收方面展现出独特优势。详细介绍了低共熔溶剂在废旧锂离子电池正极材料浸出、解离和修复再生方面的研究进展，阐述了有价金属的浸出机理，最后展望了低共熔溶剂在废旧锂离子电池资源化回收方面的发展趋势。
- 冶金工程 /
- 低共熔溶剂 /
- 废旧锂离子电池 /
- 正极材料 /
- 回收 /
- 有价金属
Abstract:
With the rapid development of electric vehicles, energy storage and other industries, the demand for lithium-ion batteries is growing rapidly, and the amount of their disposal is also increasing, and the efficient resource recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries has become a major problem that needs to be solved in China. The current methods of pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and repair and regeneration of spent lithium-ion batteries have their own shortcomings, and there is an urgent need for greener and more efficient recycling and treatment methods. Deep eutectic solvents have unique advantages in the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries due to their thermal stability, easy synthesis and low toxicity. In this paper, the research progress of deep eutectic solvents in leaching, dissociation and repair and regeneration of cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries is introduced in detail, the leaching mechanism of valuable metals is elaborated, and finally the development trend of deepeutectic solvents in the resource recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is anticipated.
- metallurgical engineering /
- deep eutectic solvents /
- spent lithium-ion batteries /
- cathode materials /
- recycle /
- valuable metal

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图 1 不同温度下滤液（a）UV光谱；（b）FTIR光谱

Figure 1.

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图 2 PVDF失活机理

Figure 2.

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图 3 废旧LCO修复再生示意

Figure 3.

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表 1 季铵盐型DES浸出有价金属对比

Table 1. Comparison of quaternary ammonium DES leaching of valuable metals

DES	浸出对象	浸出条件	浸出率/%				参考文献
DES	浸出对象	浸出条件	Li	Ni	Mn	Co	参考文献
ChCl/EG	LCO	220 ℃，24 h	-	-	-	99.3	[16]
ChCl/urea/EG	NCM	100 ℃，L/S=9.69	92.8	0.72	0.42	1.61	[24]
ChCl/PTSA·2H₂O/EG	NCM	70 ℃、10 min	97.9	98 .5	96.9	98.9	[25]
ChCl/OA	LCO	90 ℃，2 h	-	-	-	100	[26]
ChCl/CA	LCO	40 ℃，60 min，S/L=20	-	-	-	98	[27]
ChCl/BSA/EG	LCO	90 ℃，2 h，S/L=20	99	-	-	98	[28]
ChCl/LA	LCO	105 ℃，24 h	100	-	-	100	[29]
ChCl/PA	LCO	100 ℃	98.7	-	-	98.6	[30]
ChCl/LAA	NCM	50 ℃，1 h，S/L=1:20	>96				[31]
ChCl/TA	NCM	70 ℃	77	>98.5			[32]
*urea：尿素；BSA：苯磺酸；LA：乳酸；PA：丙二酸；TA：酒石酸

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表 2 不同DES浸出金属离子对比

Table 2. Comparison of different DES leaching metal ions

DES	浸出对象	浸出条件	浸出率/%				参考文献
DES	浸出对象	浸出条件	Li	Ni	Mn	Co	参考文献
BeCl/EG	NCM	140 ℃，20 min	90.9	93.0	93.0	82.4	[33]
BeCl/CA	NCM	80 ℃，30 min	99.8	99.1	99.2	98.8	[34]
PEG200/IP6	LCO	80 ℃，24 h	98.0	-	-	98.0	[35]
EG/CA	NCM	90 ℃，10 h，S/L=15	99.1	97.6	98.3	96.2	[36]
EG/TA	NCM	120 ℃，12 h，20 g/L	98.3	3.6	3.0	1.9	[37]
EG/SAD	LCO	110 ℃，6 h，S/L=40	98.3	-	-	93.5	[38]
EG/SAD	NCM	110 ℃，6 h，S/L=40	100.0	99.1	100.0	94.8	[38]
注：IP6为植酸。

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