Status of Carbon Dioxide Utilization Technology and Analysis of Coal-based Solid Waste Mineralization Utilization
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摘要:
碳减排和碳中和技术成为当前研究人员关注的热点，综述了国内外二氧化碳利用技术，介绍了二氧化碳地质封存利用技术，阐述了二氧化碳生物应用技术，论述了以二氧化碳为原料生产一系列高附加值产品的技术路径，重点论述了二氧化碳与煤基固废综合利用技术。电石渣、煤矸石、气化渣、粉煤灰等通过矿化技术，可生产优质环保型建筑材料，以及代替蒸汽养护。借助二氧化碳矿化能够生产一系列满足强度和耐久性要求的绿色建材产品，将煤基固废和二氧化碳结合，实现废弃物的资源化利用，对保障未来经济社会的可持续发展具有非常重要的意义。
Abstract:Carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization technology have become the focus of current researchers. This paper summarizes the utilization technology of carbon dioxide at home and abroad, introduces the geological storage and utilization technology of carbon dioxide, expounds the biological application technology of carbon dioxide, discusses the technical path of producing a series of high value-added products with carbon dioxide as raw materials, and focuses on the comprehensive utilization technology of carbon dioxide and coal-based solid waste.Through mineralization technology, carbide slag, coal gangue, gasification slags, fly ash, etc. can produce high-quality environment-friendly building materials and replace steam curing. With the help of carbon dioxide mineralization, a series of green building materials products that meet the requirements of strength and durability can be produced, and coal-based solid waste and carbon dioxide can be combined to realize the resource utilization of waste, which is of great significance to ensure the sustainable development of the future economy and society.
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表 1 CCUS技术地质能源利用
Table 1. CCUS technical geological energy utilization
技术途径 减碳容量/×108 t 产品名称 P50产量 P10 P50 P90 P10 P50 P90 CO2强化石油开采 — 47.6 — 原油（亿t） — 14.4 — CO2驱替煤层气 65 114 148 煤层气（m3） 2 880 5 080 6 590 CO2强化天然气开采 — 40.2 — 天然气（m3） 647 CO2强化页岩气开采 393 693 899 页岩气（m3） 66 300 117 000 152 000 CO2强化地热开采 8.1 29 106 地热（亿J） 2.2×107 5.8×107 1.5×108 CO2铀矿地浸开采 0.457 1.577 5.463 铀（万t） 6.5 7.8 9.1 CO2强化深部咸水开采 12 090 24 170 41 300 咸水（万t） 12 100 31 400 66 100 
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表 2 混凝土养护方法对比
Table 2. Comparison of concrete curing methods
养护方法 养护压力/
MPa养护温度/
℃时间 备注 自然养护 0.1 20～25 7～28 d 过程缓慢 蒸压养护 0.8 175 ≥5 h 能耗高 矿化养护 1～1.5 40 2～4 h 二氧化碳资源化利用
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