VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC MATTERS AND NUTRIENT ELEMENTS IN TYPICAL BLACK SOIL
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摘要:
依据2003-2008年松辽平原中南部地区多目标区域地球化学调查成果, 选择黑土类型土壤样本6553件, 研究典型黑土中有机质及养分元素碳、氮、硫、磷、钙、钾、铁、镁、锌、铜、钼、锰、硼的变化特征. 发现典型黑土中有机质结构性元素碳、氮、硫、磷以及铜、镁、铁、钙元素的含量变化与有机质的变化具有正相关性. 养分元素含量的变化与成土母质和土壤类型关系密切, 如锰在黑土中含量普遍偏高. 中国土壤以及松辽平原土壤的宏观背景是典型黑土中钾偏高和钼、硼偏低. 生物气候带是影响有机质和某些养分元素变化的重要因素. 温带-寒温带的气候条件影响着土壤的物理性质和化学性质, 如粒级、黏粒性、酸碱性, 进而影响元素含量的变化.
Abstract:Based on the results of multi-objective regional geochemical survey in central and southern Songliao Plain during 2003-2008, 6553 soil samples are selected to study the variation characteristics of organic matters and nutrient elements including C, N, S, P, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mo, Mn and B in typical black soil. It is found that the content variation of structural elements such as C, N, S and P, as well as other elements including Cu, Mg, Fe and Ca, has positive correlation with that of organic matters in typical black soil. The content change of nutrient elements is closely related to parent materials and soil types. For instance, Mn content is generally high in black soil. The macro-background of soil in China and Songliao Plain is characterized by high K and low Mo and B in typical black soil. Bioclimatic zone is an important factor affecting the variation of organic matters and some nutrient elements. The climatic conditions of temperate-cold temperate zones affect the physical-chemical properties of soil such as grain size, clay fraction acid-base property of soil and then the change of element content.
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Key words:
- black soil /
- organic matter /
- nutrient element /
- soil geochemistry /
- Songliao Plain
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表 1 不同地区养分元素平均值
Table 1. Average contents of nutrient elements in different regions
指标 哈尔滨-绥化 双城-扶余 长春-四平 中国土壤元素背景值（A层） C 2.52 1.76 1.49 1.50* N 2015 1425 1236 1197* P 866 708 617 554* S 268 209 176 198* CaO 1.62 1.68 1.37 1.30 K2O 2.53 2.57 2.57 2.26 Fe2O3 4.85 4.64 4.61 4.24 MgO 1.40 1.37 1.24 1.23 B 30.89 33.48 36.11 41.0 Cu 21.83 21.13 21.44 20.7 Mn 789 768 780 540 Mo 0.62 0.62 0.69 1.10 Zn 65.37 66.26 65.50 68.0 有机质 3.93 2.71 2.39 2.0 pH 6.70 6.75 6.36 7.81* *为松辽平原中南部表层土壤背景值. 含量单位: C、氧化物、有机质为%, 其他元素为10-6. 
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表 2 不同有机质样本中养分元素含量高于背景值的占比率
Table 2. Percentages of soil samples with nutrient element contents over background value
指标 有机质≥3%（n=2938） 2%≤有机质＜3%（n=2713） 有机质＜2%（n=902） 样本量 占比/% 样本量 占比/% 样本量 占比/% C 2908 98.98 1688 62.22 90 9.98 N 2856 97.21 1978 72.91 241 26.72 P 2850 97.00 2186 80.58 410 45.45 S 2746 93.46 969 35.72 68 7.54 CaO 2504 85.23 1678 61.85 235 26.05 K2O 2873 97.79 2697 99.41 897 99.45 Fe2O3 2775 94.45 2268 83.60 647 71.73 MgO 2571 87.51 2016 74.31 537 59.53 B 107 3.64 324 11.94 249 27.61 Cu 2384 81.14 1641 60.49 388 43.02 Mn 2886 98.23 2671 98.45 854 94.68 Mo 140 4.77 56 2.06 42 4.66 Zn 1059 36.04 595 21.93 155 17.18 pH＜6.5 1245 42.38 1310 48.28 573 63.52 pH≥6.5 1693 57.62 1403 51.72 329 36.48
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表 3 不同土壤类型钾元素的丰度
Table 3. Abundance of potassium in different soil types
土类 样点数 平均值 土类 样点数 平均值 绵土 12 1.75 沼泽土 20 1.9 黑垆土 7 1.9 盐土 32 1.93 黑土 11 2.06 碱土 3 1.85 黑钙土 18 2.17 风沙土 13 2.06 水稻土 57 1.64 红壤 77 1.75 棕壤 51 1.88 棕漠土 14 1.68 暗棕壤 29 1.93 棕色针叶林土 10 1.76 栗钙土 34 1.91 草甸土 39 1.86 据文献[28]. 含量单位: %.
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