SPATIAL VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT IN TYPICAL BLACK SOIL: A Case Study of Beilin District in Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province
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摘要:
以20世纪80年代第二次土壤普查时期黑土有机质分析数据为基准, 以目前土地质量地球化学调查土壤有机质分析数据为研究对象, 利用MapGIS空间分析功能定量研究绥化市北林区黑土地土壤有机质含量的空间变化特征. 研究结果显示, 近30 a以来研究区土壤有机质含量由41.16×10-3下降到37.68×10-3, 土壤有机质流失率达8.45%; 20世纪80年代研究区土壤有机质含量在35×10-3~45×10-3的面积占研究区总面积的73.93%, 而目前研究区土壤有机质含量在30×10-3~40×10-3的面积占研究区总面积的70.24%;研究区82.1%的土地面积土壤中有机质呈现出不同程度的减少, 仅有17.9%的土地面积土壤中有机质呈现出增加的趋势; 研究区黑土地以轻度和轻微土壤有机质流失程度为主, 仅在张维镇和四方台镇中南部、秦家镇中西部以及连岗乡中北部等局部地段土壤有机质流失程度达中度和重度, 这为精准施策开展黑土地土壤有机质流失治理提供了科学依据.
Abstract:Based on the analysis data of organic matters in black soil during the second national soil survey in the 1980s and those in the current land quality geochemical survey, the MapGIS spatial analysis is used to quantitatively study the spatial variation of organic matter content in the black land core area of Northeast China. The results show that the content of soil organic matters decreases from 41.16×10-3 to 37.68×10-3 in recent 30 years, with the organic matter loss rate of 8.45%. In 1980s, the areas with soil organic matter content of 35×10-3-45×10-3 account for 73.93% of the total study area, while the areas with soil organic matter content of 30×10-3-40×10-3 make up 70.24% currently. Of the land area, 82.1% shows different degrees of reduction in organic matter, while only 17.9% shows an increasing trend. The black land is dominated by mild and slight loss of soil organic matter, except for local areas with moderate and severe loss degree, which provides scientific basis for soil organic matter loss control in black land region.
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Key words:
- black land /
- organic matter /
- spatial variation /
- Beilin District of Suihua City /
- Heilongjiang Province
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表 1 绥化市北林区土壤有机质地球化学参数特征表
Table 1. Characteristics of geochemical parameters of soil organic matter in Beilin District, Suihua City
时期 样本数 最大值 平均值 最小值 标准离差 变异系数 第二次土壤普查(1979-1990年) 1032 97.4 41.16 0.4 10.24 0.249 目前土地质量调查(2009-2019年) 726 119.6 37.68 4.0 10.84 0.288 含量单位：10-3. 
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表 2 绥化市北林区不同时期土壤有机质含量特征统计对比表
Table 2. Comparison of soil organic matter content characteristics between different periods in Beilin District, Suihua City
含量区间/10-3 第二次土壤普查 目前土地质量调查 面积/km2 占比/% 面积/km2 占比/% >60 1.07 0.04 40.43 1.47 55~60 44.53 1.61 22.7 0.82 50~55 107.81 3.91 69.25 2.51 45~50 359.22 13.03 195.27 7.08 40~45 875.51 31.75 375.08 13.6 35~40 1163.15 42.18 844.25 30.61 30~35 205.2 7.44 1093.04 39.63 25~30 1.39 0.05 110.12 3.99 ≤25 0 0 7.73 0.28
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表 3 绥化市北林区土壤有机质增减变化地球化学参数特征统计表
Table 3. Geochemical parameters of soil organic matter changes in Beilin District, Suihua City
最大值 平均值 中位数 众值 最小值 标准离差 变异系数 82.1 -3.35 -5.1 -6. 0 -48.5 10.28 -0.326 含量单位: 10-3.
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表 4 绥化市北林区土壤有机质增减变化特征土地面积统计表
Table 4. Land areas and proportions of soil organic matter changes in Beilin District, Suihua City
增减量变化区间/10-3 面积/km2 占比/% ＜-20 1.84 0.07 -20~-15 7.42 0.27 -15~-10 185.44 6.72 -10~-5 1073.91 38.94 -5~0 995.48 36.10 0~5 268.70 9.74 5~10 127.15 4.61 10~15 42.01 1.52 15~20 21.46 0.78 ≥20 34.49 1.25
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表 5 绥化市北林区土壤有机质流失程度评价表
Table 5. Evaluation of soil organic matter loss degree in Beilin District, Suihua City
评价 增加 轻微流失 轻度流失 中度流失 重度流失 等级 一级 二级 三级 四级 五级 增减量/10-3 ＞0 -5~0 -10~-5 -15~-10 ≤-15 面积/km2 493.81 995.48 1073.91 185.44 9.26 占比/% 17.90 36.10 38.94 6.72 0.34
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