REMOTE SENSING APPLIED IN GEOLOGICAL AND MINERAL SURVEY IN FOREST-COVERED AREA OF DAXINGANLING MOUNTAINS: A Case Study of : 50 000 Regional Geological and Mineral Survey in Luoguhe, Heilongjiang Province
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摘要:
大兴安岭地区森林覆盖严重, 气候严寒, 交通极为不便, 野外有效工作时间短, 给区域地质矿产调查工作增加了难度, 急需遥感手段提高成果质量和效率. 在黑龙江大兴安岭洛古河等4幅1:5万区域地质矿产调查工作中, 利用SPOT7、Landsat7/8、ASTER等多种遥感数据开展地质矿产解译, 进行遥感影像分区, 建立地层、构造和侵入岩解译标志, 提取羟基和铁染蚀变异常, 结合水系沉积物测量成果划分了成矿有利区, 有效降低了地质矿产调查强度, 提高了调查效率, 增强了调查质量. 表明遥感技术在大兴安岭高植被覆盖区地质矿产调查过程中能够取得较好效果.
Abstract:Due to the heavy forest cover, harsh climate, inconvenient transportation and short effective time for field work in Daxinganling Mountains, remote sensing technology is urgently needed to improve the quality and efficiency of regional geological and mineral survey. In the 1 : 50 000 regional geological and mineral survey of Luoguhe in Heilongjiang Province, multiple remote sensing data including SPOT7, Landsat7/8 and ASTER are used for geological and mineral interpretation, remote sensing image zoning, establishment of interpretation markers for strata, structures and intrusive rocks, and extraction of hydroxyl and iron-stained alteration anomalies, and the favorable mineralization areas are divided combined with the stream sediment survey results, which both effectively reduces the geological survey intensity and improves the survey efficiency and quality. The study indicates that remote sensing technology can achieve good results in geological mineral survey in the dense vegetation coverage areas of Daxinganling Mountains.
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Key words:
- remote sensing /
- geological and mineral survey /
- SPOT7 /
- Landsat7/8 /
- ASTER /
- forest-covered area /
- Daxinganling Mountains
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表 1 遥感数据基本参数
Table 1. Basic parameters of remote sensing data
数据采集时间 空间分辨率 数据类型 用途 2014-04-29 多光谱30 m，全色15 m Landsat 8 OLI 构造、岩石组合解译 1999-09-03 多光谱30 m，全色15 m Landsat 7 ETM+ 构造、岩石组合、蚀变解译 2013-09-01 多光谱30 m，全色15 m Landsat 8 OLI 构造、岩石组合解译 2014-09-20 多光谱30 m，全色15 m Landsat 8 OLI 构造、岩石组合解译 2015-09-23 多光谱30 m，全色15 m Landsat 8 OLI 构造、岩石组合解译 2015-09-19 多光谱6 m，全色1.5 m SPOT 7 构造、岩石组合解译 
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表 2 Landsat 7 ETM+各波段间相关系数
Table 2. Correlation coefficients between bands of Landsat 7 ETM+
波段 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 1.00 0.94 0.96 0.15 0.74 0.30 0.84 2 1.00 0.96 0.24 0.80 0.77 0.87 3 1.00 0.18 0.81 0.81 0.90 4 1.00 0.43 0.66 0.18 5 1.00 0.85 0.93 6 1.00 0.91 7 1.00
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表 3 影像分区特征
Table 3. Characteristics of remote sensing image zoning
分区 位置 颜色 纹理 水系 主要地质体 Ⅰ区 研究区北部，黑龙江沿岸 以绿色、草绿色夹红色为主，无植被覆盖地段则呈现暗红色调 比较光滑 水系不发育 第四纪冲洪积物、孙吴组、漠河组为主 Ⅱ区 研究区中西部，以低山丘陵为主 以暗绿色和草绿色为主，裸露区段以暗红和粉红色调为主 粗糙 冲沟发育，形成不太典型的树枝状水系、蠕虫状水系 以漠河组为主 Ⅲ区 从南至北以北北东走向条带状贯穿全区 以草绿色、浅绿色为主，植被覆盖少的地段呈黄绿色、黄白色 稍显粗糙 冲沟以树枝状水系为主，多形成狭长冲沟，局部有不典型的“丰”字形水系 绣峰组、阿凌河砾岩和侵入岩体为主，少部分为额尔古纳河组变质岩 Ⅳ区 研究区西南部，以低山丘陵为主 以绿色、草绿色调为主，伴有暗粉红色彩，岩石和土壤裸露区以红色、深红色调为主 比较粗糙 冲沟发育，多数形成短粗树枝状水系 佳疙瘩组、绣峰组及晚二叠世侵入岩为主 Ⅴ区 研究区西南部 裸露区以粉红色和红色为主，覆盖区以草绿和绿色调为主 相对光滑 细长的树枝状和蠕虫状水系，冲沟发育相对较少 早白垩世侵入岩为主 Ⅵ区 研究区东南部，以低山丘陵为主 整体以红、绿色为主 比较粗糙 较宽的树枝状水系，冲沟特别发育 早侏罗世侵入岩
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表 4 蚀变提取主成分特征向量
Table 4. Feature vectors of alteration information extraction by principal component analysis
主成分 1 4 5 7 主成分 1 3 4 5 PC1 0.19454 0.35306 0.474729 0.55391 PC1 0.19456 0.58598 0.47068 0.2356 PC2 0.58199 0.38500 -0.47088 -0.30152 PC2 -0.35125 -0.47652 -0.25932 0.68325 PC3 0.58617 -0.55262 -0.25621 0.53395 PC3 0.56953 -0.19267 -0.42623 0.17987 PC4 0.45220 -0.50328 0.65218 -0.56876 PC4 -0.58356 0.63598 -0.69525 0.35785
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