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摘要:
在岩心观察与岩石薄片鉴定的基础上, 结合XRD技术、氩离子抛光扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附实验、高压压汞测试和岩石热解分析, 对江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组页岩储层的岩石矿物组成、孔渗和孔隙结构、地球化学特征等进行分析. 研究表明, 潜江凹陷潜江组页岩主要矿物组成为白云石和黏土矿物, 主要发育块状灰质泥岩相、纹层状灰质泥岩相、块状云质泥岩相、纹层状云质泥岩相以及块状泥质云岩相和纹层状泥质云岩相. 页岩储层主要发育碳酸盐矿物晶间孔和黏土矿物层间孔, 孔径主要分布在2~200 nm, 孔隙度多低于20%, 渗透率主要为0.1×10-3~100×10-3 μm2, 为低孔低渗-特低渗储层. 其中黏土矿物有利于页岩储层微孔和介孔的发育, 白云石有利于大孔发育, 且生物成因的白云石有助于有机碳的富集和滞留烃的赋存. 储层整体表现为纹层状页岩比块状页岩具有相对较高的孔径、较好的孔隙连通性和含油性, 尤其在纹层状泥质云岩相中, 孔隙度介于5%~15%, 渗透率处于1×10-3~10×10-3 μm2, 主要孔径为50~200 nm, 连通孔径主要为50~100 nm, TOC含量在1%~3%, S1含量分布在5×10-3~35×10-3, OSI值多处于400×10-3, 是潜江组页岩油储层的优势岩相.
Abstract:The rock mineral compositions, porosity-permeability, pore structure and geochemical characteristics of the shale reservoir of Qianjiang Formation in Qianjiang Sag, Jianghan Basin, are studied on the basis of core observation and rock slice identification, combined with XRD technology, argon ion polishing scanning electron microscopy, low temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment, high pressure Hg injection test and rock pyrolysis analysis. The results show that the shale of Qianjiang Formation is mainly composed of dolomite and clay minerals, developed with massive calcareous mudstone facies, laminated calcareous mudstone facies, massive dolomitic mudstone facies, laminated dolomitic mudstone facies, massive argillaceous dolomite facies and laminated argillaceous dolomite facies. The carbonate mineral intercrystalline pores and clay mineral interlayer pores are mainly developed in the shale reservoir, with the pore size of 2-200 nm, the porosity mostly lower than 20%, and the permeability of 0.1×10-3-100×10-3 μm2, belonging to low porosity and low-extra low permeability reservoir. Clay minerals are conducive to the development of micropores and mesopores in shale reservoirs, while the dolomites contribute to the development of macropores, and biogenic dolomites help the accumulation of organic carbon and occurrence of residual hydrocarbon. Generally, the laminated shale has higher pore size, better pore connectivity and oil content than the massive shale dose. Especially the laminated argillaceous dolomite facies, with porosity of 5%-15%, permeability of 1×10-3-10×10-3 μm2, main pore size of 50-200 nm, connected pore size of 50-100 nm, TOC content of 1%-3%, S1 content of 5×10-3-35×10-3 and OSI value mostly 400×10-3, is the dominant lithofacies of shale oil reservoir in Qianjiang Formation.
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Key words:
- shale oil reservoir /
- pore structure /
- shale facies /
- Qianjiang Formation /
- Qianjiang Sag /
- Jianghan Basin
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表 1 样品矿物组分及地球化学特征
Table 1. Mineral compositions and geochemical characteristics of shale samples
测试项目 BYY2井 BX7井 石英/% 5.4~26.3/15.42(18) 4.0~15.6/9.3(19) 钾长石/% 0.0~2.8/0.23(18) 0.0~4.4/1.0(19) 斜长石/% 6.3~11.7/9.05(18) 2.0~5.3/4.0(19) 方解石/% 2.2~39.1/14.16(18) 12.9~42.1/22.3(19) 白云石/% 5.0~66.5/44.89(18) 6.3~57.9/29.9(19) 黏土矿物/% 5.4~26.3/15.42(18) 10.5~34.9/25.5(19) 硬石膏/% 0.0~2.2/0.46(18) 0.0~0.9/0.3(19) 黄铁矿/% 0.0~9.2/4.83(18) 5.6~10.5/7.7(19) 石盐/% 0.0~10.0/1.81(18) / 钙芒硝/% 0.0~15.2/1.99(18) / 脆性指数/% 59.6~87.5/75.26(18) 56.0~81.7/66.5(19) TOC/% 1.03~2.56/1.80(18) 0.32~2.58/1.39(19) S1/10-3 3.36~30.46/11.74(18) 1.18~6.50/4.21(19) OSI/10-3 211.32~1350.49/665.94(18) 2.17~527.96/80.36(19) 表中数据意义为：最小值~最大值/平均值(样品数). 
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表 2 样品不同岩相孔渗数据统计表
Table 2. Porosity and permeability data of shale samples in different lithofacies
岩相 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 块状云质泥岩 3.7 534 块状云质泥岩 5.0 40.1 块状云质泥岩 4.2 0.212 块状云质泥岩 6.2 0.062 块状云质泥岩 2.1 0.063 块状泥质云岩 9.0 297 块状泥质云岩 9.0 1.06 块状泥质云岩 5.7 0.059 块状灰质泥岩 8.2 15.8 块状灰质泥岩 5.2 1.63 纹层状泥质云岩 12.5 6.95 纹层状泥质云岩 4.1 0.941 纹层状云质泥岩 20.0 0.229 纹层状云质泥岩 8.0 1.21 纹层状泥质云岩 4.1 0.941
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表 3 样品不同岩相含油性数据统计表
Table 3. Oil-bearing property data of shale samples in different lithofacies
岩相 TOC/% S1/10-3 OSI/10-3 块状灰质泥岩 1.14~1.56/1.39(4) 1.86~5.11/3.63(4) 135.766~340.667/260.235(4) 块状泥质云岩 1.24~1.84/1.65(8) 4.46~6.22/5.43(8) 297.727~368.047/330.193(8) 块状云质泥岩 0.93~2.24/1.38(3) 3.98~5.23/4.71(3) 233.482~527.957/389.187(3) 纹层状灰质泥岩 1.32~1.76/1.56(3) 3.36~9.32/6.60(3) 211.321~706.061/1.56440.642(3) 纹层状泥质云岩 1.03~2.56/1.90(7) 6.90~30.46/14.71(7) 357.513~1350.485/806.321(7) 纹层状云质泥岩 1.79/1.79(1) 6.43/6.43(1) 359.218/359.218(1) 表中数据意义为：最小值~最大值/平均值(样品数).
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