HEAVY METAL CONTENTS IN SOIL-CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE SYSTEM IN XIBO RIVER BASIN, CHIFENG CITY, INNER MONGOLIA: Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Effect Evaluation
-
摘要:
基于表层土壤、中药材及根系土等样品的测试数据, 研究了赤峰市锡伯河流域牛家营子镇中药材种植区表层土壤As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb五种重金属元素的含量、空间分布特征、污染程度及不同中药材对土壤重金属元素的累积特征和草药重金属污染程度. 结果表明, 中药材种植区表层土壤As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb五种重金属元素成因来源一致, 为伴生关系, 主要来自成土母质, 其含量均值分别为8.729×10-6、0.142×10-6、21.146×10-6、0.036×10-6、23.651×10-6; Hg、Cd元素变异系数分别为0.639、0.472, 达到强度变异, 原因是二者土壤本底含量较低, 更易受到各种因素影响. 土壤重金属单项和综合污染指数均小于0.7, 土壤质量清洁, 符合中药材GAP基地建设土壤环境要求. 桔梗、北沙参和牛膝3种中药材药用部位重金属富集系数或污染指数均小于0.50, 其含量都远低于中药材重金属含量限定值, 牛家营子镇中药材种植区产出的中药材均符合绿色行标要求.
Abstract:Based on the test data of topsoil, Chinese medicinal materials and root soil samples, the paper studies the contents, spatial distribution characteristics and pollution degrees of five heavy metal elements including As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb in the topsoil of Chinese medicinal materials planting area of Niujiayingzi Town in Xibo River Basin, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, as well as the accumulation characteristics of soil heavy metals by different Chinese medicinal materials and heavy metal pollution degree of herbs. The results show that the five elements in the topsoil of Chinese medicinal materials planting area share the same origin, mainly from the parent material, and in association, with the mean contents of 8.729×10-6, 0.142×10-6, 21.146×10-6, 0.036×10-6 and 23.651×10-6, respectively. The variation coefficients of Hg and Cd are 0.639 and 0.472 respectively, reaching the intensity variation, for their low soil background contents and more susceptible to various factors. Both the single and comprehensive pollution indexes of the soil heavy metals are less than 0.7, which shows a clean level of soil quality and meets the soil environmental requirements for the GAP base construction of Chinese medicinal materials. The concentration coefficients or pollution indexes of heavy metals in the medicinal parts of platycodon grandiflorum, glehnia littoralis and achyranthes bidentata are all less than 0.50, with their contents much lower than the limit value of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials. The Chinese medicinal materials produced in the planting area of Niujiyingzi Town all meet the requirements of green standard.
-
Key words:
- heavy metal /
- Chinese herbal medicine /
- bioconcentration /
- ecological effect /
- Chifeng City
-
-
表 1 样品重金属元素检出限及分析方法
Table 1. Detection limits and analysis methods of heavy metal elements in samples
氧化物 检出限/% 分析方法 元素 检出限/10-6 分析方法 SiO2 0.05 XRF As 0.5 AFS Al2O3 0.02 ICP-OES Cd 0.02 ICP-MS TFe2O3 0.02 XRF Cu 0.29 ICP-MS K2O 0.02 ICP-OES Hg 0.0003 AFS Na2O 0.03 XRF Pb 0.3 ICP-MS CaO 0.03 XRF MgO 0.03 XRF pH 0.10 ISE XRF-X射线荧光光谱法；ICP-OES-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法；AFS-原子荧光光谱法；CP-MS-电感耦合等离子体质谱法；ISE-离子选择性电极法. 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 表层土壤重金属、pH和背景值统计表
Table 2. Statistics of heavy metals, pH and background values in topsoil
元素 最小值 最大值 均值 标准差 变异系数 土壤背景值[20] 土壤基准值[20] 富集系数 土壤环境质量管控值[24](pH＞7.5) As 4.510 27.90 8.729 1.731 0.198 8.80 8.70 1.164 20 Cd 0.077 1.010 0.142 0.067 0.472 0.11 0.08 2.679 0.8 Cu 13.12 61.95 21.15 4.634 0.219 21.9 20.8 1.468 100 Hg 0.012 0.295 0.036 0.023 0.639 0.042 0.02 0.900 1.0 Pb 18.36 60.26 23.65 3.335 0.141 21.80 25.1 1.375 240 pH 6.500 9.190 8.280 0.246 - - - - 注：土壤背景值以表层土壤算术平均值为参考，基准值以深层土壤算术平均值为参考. n=472件.
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 重金属元素间相关性统计分析表
Table 3. Statistical analysis of correlation between heavy metal elements
As Cd Cu Hg Pb SiO2 Al2O3 TFe2O3 K2O Na2O CaO MgO As 1 Cd 0.74** 1 Cu 0.78** 0.80** 1 Hg 0.56** 0.61** 0.67** 1 Pb 0.60** 0.82** 0.69** 0.52** 1 SiO2 -0.55** -0.23** -0.18** -0.14** -0.06 1 Al2O3 0.36** 0.09* 0.08 0.11* 0.37** -0.05 1 TFe2O3 0.56** 0.16** 0.15** 0.13** 0.35** -0.41** 0.88** 1 K2O -0.43** -0.11* -0.13** -0.02 0.12** 0.76** 0.17** -0.17** 1 Na2O -0.65** -0.21** -0.18** -0.18** -0.14** 0.83** -0.43** -0.69** 0.66** 1 CaO 0.29** 0.17** 0.12** 0.07 -0.14** -0.80** -0.46** -0.13** -0.70** -0.44** 1 MgO 0.66** 0.27** 0.22** 0.21** 0.21** -0.77** 0.51** 0.71** -0.60** -0.86** 0.42** 1 注：**为在0.01级别(双尾)，相关性显著；*为在0.05级别(双尾)，相关性显著. n=472件.
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 中药材重金属富集系数
Table 5. Concentration coefficient of heavy metals in Chinese herbal medicine
元素 桔梗(21) 北沙参(21) 牛膝(3) AsBCF 0.018 0.014 0.014 CdBCF 0.261 0.296 0.380 CuBCF 0.437 0.480 0.264 HgBCF 0.167 0.111 0.083 PbBCF 0.008 0.007 0.006
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 中药材采集类型及其重金属含量和污染指数
Table 6. Heavy metal contents and pollution indexes of collected Chinese medicinal materials
元素 指标 桔梗(21) 北沙参(21) 牛膝(3) 限量标准参数[26] As 范围/10-6 0.060~0.421 0.058~0.204 0.104~0.131 2.0 均值/10-6 0.160 0.121 0.121 污染指数 0.08 0.06 0.06 Cd 范围/10-6 0.013~0.078 0.020~0.096 0.042~0.061 0.3 均值/10-6 0.037 0.042 0.054 污染指数 0.12 0.14 0.18 Cu 范围/10-6 5.96~14.50 7.35~17.60 4.73~6.78 20 均值/10-6 9.244 10.144 5.573 污染指数 0.46 0.50 0.27 Hg 范围/10-6 0.003~0.016 0.002~0.006 0.002~0.004 0.2 均值/10-6 0.006 0.004 0.003 污染指数 0.03 0.02 0.02 Pb 范围/10-6 0.09~0.56 0.06~0.28 0.12~0.18 5.0 均值/10-6 0.197 0.171 0.147 污染指数 0.04 0.03 0.02
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Weil R R, Brady N C. The nature and properties of soils[M]. 15th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2017: 1-5.
[2] 朱迪, 谢玉敏, 谭丹, 等. 不同来源白及药材中重金属及有害元素含量测定及其评价[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2015, 25(4): 471-476. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWJZ201504006.htm
Zhu D, Xie Y M, Tan D, et al. Determination and evaluation of heavy metals content in Bletilla striata from different sources[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2015, 25(4): 471-476. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWJZ201504006.htm
[3] 胡省英, 冉伟彦, 范宏瑞. 土壤-作物系统中重金属元素的地球化学行为[J]. 地质与勘探, 2003, 39(5): 84-87. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKT200305019.htm
Hu S Y, Ran W Y, Fan H R. Geochemical behaviour of heavy metals in soil-crop system[J]. Geology and Prospecting, 2003, 39(5): 84-87. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKT200305019.htm
[4] 李婷, 吴明辉, 王越, 等. 人类扰动对重金属元素的生物地球化学过程的影响与修复研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(13): 4679-4688. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB202013042.htm
Li T, Wu M H, Wang Y, et al. Advances in research on the effects of human disturbance on biogeochemical processes of heavy metals and remediation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(13): 4679-4688. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB202013042.htm
[5] 王茜, 张光辉, 田言亮, 等. 农田表层土壤中重金属潜在生态风险效应研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2017, 44(4): 165-172. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWDG201704025.htm
Wang Q, Zhang G H, Tian Y L, et al. Research on the potential ecological risk of farmland top-soil of heavy metals[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology, 2017, 44(4): 165-172. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWDG201704025.htm
[6] 马成玲, 王火焰, 周健民, 等. 长江三角洲典型县级市农田土壤重金属污染状况调查与评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2006, 25(3): 751-755. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1672-2043.2006.03.041
Ma C L, Wang H Y, Zhou J M, et al. Investigation and evaluation of the heavy metal pollution in farmland of a typical county in Yangtze River delta[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2006, 25(3): 751-755. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1672-2043.2006.03.041
[7] 刘庆, 王静, 史衍玺, 等. 绿色食品产地土壤重金属空间分布与污染评价[J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(3): 90-94. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS200703020.htm
Liu Q, Wang J, Shi Y X, et al. Distribution and evaluation of soil heavy metal in green food producing area[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 21(3): 90-94. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS200703020.htm
[8] 黄泽春, 宋波, 陈同斌, 等. 北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜的锌含量及其健康风险评估[J]. 地理研究, 2006, 25(3): 439-448. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DLYJ200603008.htm
Huang Z C, Song B, Chen T B, et al. A survey of zinc concentrations in vegetables and soils in Beijing and their health risk[J]. Geographical Research, 2006, 25(3): 439-448. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DLYJ200603008.htm
[9] Zhu X B, Guo M, Zhang Z H, et al. Chinese herbal injections for Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19): A narrative review[J]. Integrative Medicine Research, 2021, 10(4): 100778, doi:10.1016/j.imr.2021.100778.
[10] Zhang K, Tian M L, Zeng Y, et al. The combined therapy of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and western medicine for a critically ill case infected with COVID-19[J]. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2020, 52: 102473, doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102473.
[11] Huang F F, Li Y, Leung E L H, et al. A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2(COVID-19)[J]. Pharmacological Research, 2020, 158: 104929, doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104929.
[12] Du A S, Zheng R, Disoma C, et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicines, inhibits the 3CLpro activity of SARS-CoV-2[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2021, 176: 1-12, doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021. 02.012.
[13] 赵连华, 杨银慧, 胡一晨, 等. 我国中药材中重金属污染现状分析及对策研究[J]. 中草药, 2014, 45(9): 1199-1206. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYO201409004.htm
Zhao L H, Yang Y H, Hu Y C, et al. Current situation analysis and countermeasures on contamination of heavy metal in traditional Chinese medicinal materials in China[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2014, 45(9): 1199-1206. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZCYO201409004.htm
[14] 褚卓栋, 刘文菊, 肖亚兵, 等. 中草药种植区土壤及草药中重金属含量状况及评价[J]. 环境科学, 2010, 31(6): 1600-1607. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKZ201006037.htm
Chu Z D, Liu W J, Xiao Y B, et al. Survey and assessment of heavy metals in soils and herbal medicines from Chinese herbal medicine cultivated regions[J]. Environmental Science, 2010, 31(6): 1600-1607. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKZ201006037.htm
[15] 褚卓栋. 土壤-中草药重金属含量及中药中砷汞生物可给性研究[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2008.
Chu Z D. Concentrations of heavy metals in soils-Chinese herbal medicines and bioaccessibility of arsenic and mercury in traditional Chinese medicines[D]. Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2008.
[16] 钱华, 王衍彬. 中药材不同吸收特性对土壤重金属含量标准要求的变化[J]. 中国现代中药, 2006, 8(11): 34-36. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJXX200611011.htm
Qian H, Wang Y B. Changes in the requirements of different absorption characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials on soil heavy metal content standards[J]. Modern Chinese Medicine, 2006, 8(11): 34-36. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJXX200611011.htm
[17] 杨玲, 田磊, 白光宇, 等. 内蒙古新巴尔虎右旗土壤重金属生态风险与来源分析[J]. 中国地质, 2022, 49(6): 1970-1983. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI202206019.htm
Yang L, Tian L, Bai G Y, et al. Ecological risk assessments and source analysis of heavy metals in the soil of Xin Barag Youqi, Inner Mongolia[J]. Geology in China, 2022, 49(6): 1970-1983 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI202206019.htm
[18] 赵盼盼. 赤峰市中草药种植集中区土壤及草药中重金属污染综述[J]. 现代营销, 2014(7): 92. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-2994.2014.07.070
Zhao P P. Summary of heavy metal pollution in soil and herbal medicines in the concentrated Chinese herbal medicine planting area of Chifeng City[J]. Marketing Management Review, 2014(7): 92. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-2994.2014.07.070
[19] 安阳, 谢明. 赤峰市中药材产业现状及发展对策浅析[J]. 中国现代中药, 2013, 15(5): 394-397. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4890.2013.05.011
An Y, Xie M. The analysis on present situation and development countermeasures of Chinese medicinal material industry in Chifeng[J]. Modern Chinese Medicine, 2013, 15(5): 394-397. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4890.2013.05.011
[20] 中华人民共和国国土资源部. DZ/T 0295-2016土地质量地球化学评价规范[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2016.
Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China. DZ/T 0295-2016 Determination of land quality geochemical evaluation[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2016.
[21] 郭笑笑, 刘丛强, 朱兆洲, 等. 土壤重金属污染评价方法[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(5): 889-896. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ201105007.htm
Guo X X, Liu C Q, Zhu Z Z, et al. Evaluation methods for soil heavy metals contamination: A review[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2011, 30(5): 889-896. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ201105007.htm
[22] 韩小丽, 张小波, 郭兰萍, 等. 中药材重金属污染现状的统计分析[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2008, 33(18): 2041-2048. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-5302.2008.18.007
Han X L, Zhang X B, Guo L P, et al. Statistical analysis of residues of heavy metals in Chinese crude drugs[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2008, 33(18): 2041-2048. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-5302.2008.18.007
[23] 窦磊, 周永章, 高全洲, 等. 土壤环境中重金属生物有效性评价方法及其环境学意义[J]. 土壤通报, 2007, 38(3): 576-583. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRTB200703033.htm
Dou L, Zhou Y Z, Gao Q Z, et al. Methods and environmental implications of measuring bioavailability of heavy metals in soil environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2007, 38(3): 576-583. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRTB200703033.htm
[24] 生态环境部, 国家市场监督管理总局. GB 15618-2018土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.
Ministry of Ecology and Environment, State Administration. GB 15618-2018 Soil environmental quality Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018.
[25] 国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典(一部)[M]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 2020.
Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (Part I)[M]. Beijing: China Medical Science Press, 2020. (in Chinese)
[26] 任德权, 周荣汉. 中药材生产质量管理规范(GAP)实施指南[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2003.
Ren D Q, Zhou R H. Guidelines for the implementation of the good manufacturing practice of Chinese medicinal materials (GAP)[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2003.
[27] 秦樊鑫, 张明时, 张丹, 等. 贵州省地道药材GAP基地土壤重金属含量及污染评价[J]. 土壤, 2008, 40(1): 135-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TURA200801025.htm
Qin F X, Zhang M S, Zhang D, et al. Heavy metal contents and pollution evaluation of soils in Chinese medicinal herbs GAP bases in Guizhou Province[J]. Soils, 2008, 40(1): 135-140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TURA200801025.htm
[28] 张伟成, 刘兴雁. 影响中草药质量的因素分析[J]. 中兽医学杂志, 2018(7): 69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYSS201804072.htm
Zhang W C, Liu X Y. Analysis of factors affecting the quality of Chinese herbal medicine[J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Veterinary Science, 2018(7): 69. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYSS201804072.htm
[29] 陈文德, 彭培好, 李贤伟, 等. 岩-土-植系统中重金属元素的迁聚规律研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2009, 40(2): 369-373. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRTB200902039.htm
Chen W D, Peng P H, Li X W, et al. The transportation and accumulation characteristics of heavy metal in rock-soil-plant system[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2009, 40(2): 369-373. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRTB200902039.htm
[30] 张宝贤, 刘婷婷, 夏峥, 等. 桔梗不同生育期对大量元素的积累规律[J]. 西北农业学报, 2014, 23(2): 131-136. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBNX201402025.htm
Zhang B X, Liu T T, Xia Z, et al. Accumulation of major elements in different growth periods of Platycodon grandiflorum[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2014, 23(2): 131-136. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBNX201402025.htm
[31] 黄白飞, 辛俊亮. 植物积累重金属的机理研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(1): 300-307. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CYXB201301038.htm
Huang B F, Xin J L. Mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation in plants: A review[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 300-307. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CYXB201301038.htm
[32] 梁帅, 朱建新, 戴慧敏, 等. 黑龙江拜泉地区硒元素在土壤-植物系统中的迁移富集规律[J]. 地质与资源, 2021, 30(4): 456-464, 478. http://manu25.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_dzyzy/CN/abstract/abstract10316.shtml
Liang S, Zhu J X, Dai H M, et al. Migration and enrichment of selenium in soil-plant system in Baiquan Area, Heilongjiang Province[J]. Geology and Resources, 2021, 30(4): 456-464, 478. http://manu25.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_dzyzy/CN/abstract/abstract10316.shtml
[33] 中华人民共和国商务部. WM/T 2-2004药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2004.
Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. WM/T 2-2004 Green standards of medicinal plants and preparations for foreign trade and economy[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2004.
[34] International Organization for Standardization. ISO 18664: 2015 Traditional Chinese medicine: Determination of heavy metals in herbal medicines used in traditional Chinese medicine[S]. Geneva: ISO, 2015.
[35] 田柱萍, 何邦平, 王小燕, 等. 中药材的药效与其所含微量元素关系的研究进展[J]. 微量元素与健康研究, 2005, 22(4): 54-56. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WYJK200504025.htm
Tian Z P, He B P, Wang X Y, et al. The efficacy of medicine of the Chinese herbal medicine with its a research for containing trace element relating to progress[J]. Studies of Trace Elements and Health, 2005, 22(4): 54-56. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WYJK200504025.htm
[36] 仉劲, 李国清, 毕研文, 等. 中药材桔梗中常量元素和微量元素含量分析[J]. 农学学报, 2017, 7(7): 43-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XKKJ201707008.htm
Zhang J, Li G Q, Bi Y W, et al. Contents of macroelements and trace elements in medicinal plant Platycodon grandiflorum[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2017, 7(7): 43-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XKKJ201707008.htm
-
图(3)
表(6)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1102
- PDF下载数: 99
- 施引文献: 0