INTERACTION OF HEAVY METAL AND OTHER ELEMENTS IN SOIL-RICE SYSTEM: A Case Study of Qing'an area in Heilongjiang Province
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摘要:
在土壤-作物系统中, 农作物吸收Cd、As等元素的影响因素非常复杂, 其中, 元素间的相互作用是影响生物富集系数的主要因素之一. 为了研究土壤-水稻系统中重金属等元素之间的相互作用, 在黑龙江省典型水稻生产基地庆安地区采集了89组水稻籽实及根系土样品, 测试了样品中重金属元素含量, 运用相关分析, 探讨了水稻籽实及根系土中重金属等元素之间的相互关系. 结果表明: 水稻籽实重金属元素富集系数之间多呈正相关关系; 籽实Cd元素富集系数与土壤Se, 籽实Cu元素富集系数与土壤TOC均呈负相关关系; 籽实重金属元素之间多呈正相关关系; 籽实Zn与土壤As呈正相关关系, 籽实Cu与土壤Cd呈负相关关系. 研究区土壤-水稻系统中, 水稻籽实对重金属元素吸收的影响因素非常复杂, 元素间协同或拮抗作用多样, 其作用机理有待深入研究.
Abstract:In soil-crop system, the absorption of elements such as Cd and As by crops is related to complicated factors, among which the interaction between elements is one of the majors affecting the bio-enrichment coefficient. To study the interaction between heavy metal elements in soil-rice system, 89 groups of rice seed and root soil samples are collected in Qing'an area, a typical rice production base in Heilongjiang Province, and heavy metal contents in the samples are tested. The correlation analysis is used to study the relationship between heavy metals in rice seed and root soil. The results show a positive correlation between heavy metal enrichment coefficients of rice seed. The enrichment coefficient of Cd in seed is negatively correlated with Se in soil, as well as the enrichment coefficient of Cu in seed with TOC in soil. Heavy metals in seed mostly have a positive correlation. There is a positive correlation between Zn in seed and As in soil, and a negative correlation between Cu in seed and Cd in soil. In the soil-rice system of the study area, the factors affecting the absorption of heavy metals by rice seed are very complex, with various synergistic and antagonistic interactions between elements, and their interactions need to be further studied.
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Key words:
- rice seed /
- root soil /
- heavy metal /
- correlation analysis /
- Heilongjiang Province
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表 1 样品分析方法及检出限
Table 1. Analytical methods and detection limits of samples
土壤指标 分析方法 检出限 农作物指标 分析方法 检出限 Cu XRF 0.89 Cu ICP-MS 1.0 Pb XRF 1.86 Pb ICP-MS 0.1 Zn XRF 1.78 Zn ICP-MS 1.0 Cd ICP-MS 0.007 Cd ICP-MS 0.03 Ni ICP-MS 0.5 Ni ICP-MS 0.1 Cr ICP-MS 0.204 Cr ICP-MS 0.2 Hg AFS 0.005 Hg AFS 0.01 As AFS 0.65 As AFS 0.3 Se AFS 0.01 Se AFS 0.005 TOC VOL 0.05 pH 玻璃电极法 0.1 注：XRF为X射线荧光光谱法，ICP-MS为等离子体质谱法，AFS为原子荧光光谱法，VOL为容量法；含量单位：TOC为%，其余元素为10-6. 
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表 2 土壤样品分析方法准确度
Table 2. Accuracy of soil sample analysis method
标样号 Cu Pb Zn Cr Ni Cd Hg As Se TOC GSS-1 0.02 0 0 0.002 0 0 -0.003 -0.02 0.01 -0.03 GSS-2 0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.006 0 0.02 -0.005 0.01 0.01 -0.02 GSS-3 -0.02 0 0 0.004 0.01 0.01 -0.003 -0.01 0 0.01 GSS-4 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.002 0.01 0 0.01 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 GSS-5 -0.02 0 0 -0.006 0.01 0 -0.01 0.01 0 0 GSS-6 0.01 -0.01 0 0.004 0.03 -0.01 0.005 -0.01 0 -0.01 GSS-7 0.02 -0.01 0.02 -0.002 0 0.01 -0.02 0 0.01 0 GSS-8 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0.013 0 0 0.006 0.02 0.02 -0.01
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表 3 土壤样品分析方法精密度
Table 3. Precision of soil sample analysis method
标样号 Cu Pb Zn Cr Ni Cd Hg As Se TOC GSS-1 5.02 0.99 1.06 0.92 3.12 4.33 6.317 5.95 7.8 0.99 GSS-2 4.41 7.87 2.84 1.31 5.19 4.84 8.544 4.31 7.88 4.62 GSS-3 5.57 2.66 2.08 1.82 5.74 3.73 7.69 4.39 8.29 5.14 GSS-4 6.28 2.14 6.07 0.79 3.71 5.78 5.404 3.85 6.3 5.23 GSS-5 5.51 0.39 0.37 1.79 3.26 3.67 6.314 6.83 5.43 9.83 GSS-6 1.51 1.44 0.84 1.53 4.83 4.45 5.533 4.53 3.45 2.65 GSS-7 4.5 7.31 4.15 1.83 3.67 4.7 6.13 6.89 8.94 4.56 GSS-8 3.48 6.53 3.33 1.82 4.2 5 7.866 3.09 9.32 8.26 相对标准偏差单位：%.
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表 4 研究区水稻籽实及根系土元素含量特征统计
Table 4. Element content characteristics statistics of rice seed and root soil in the study area
元素 根系土 水稻籽实 富集系数 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差 变异系数 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差 变异系数 As 23.9 7.4 10.89 2.26 20.75 0.31 0.06 0.11 0.03 27.27 1.06 Cd 0.19 0.05 0.11 0.03 27.27 0.026 0.002 0.008 0.005 62.50 7.97 Cr 78.7 50.5 60.96 4.97 8.15 1.66 0.07 0.18 0.24 133.33 0.29 Cu 31.6 18.7 24.53 2.50 10.19 5.24 1.44 3.00 0.69 23.00 12.40 Hg 0.08 0.02 0.04 0.01 25.00 0.011 0.001 0.004 0.002 50.00 9.79 Ni 37.4 20.7 28.1 2.97 10.57 2.08 0.16 0.42 0.24 57.14 1.52 Pb 33.9 22.2 25.98 2.11 8.12 0.13 0.02 0.06 0.02 33.33 0.23 Se 0.52 0.18 0.31 0.06 19.35 0.13 0.02 0.05 0.02 40.00 14.93 Zn 98.1 56.7 70.91 6.85 9.66 28.6 13.9 19.78 3.39 17.14 28.07 TOC 7.77 1.06 3.22 1.27 39.44 — — — — — — pH 7.39 5.19 — — — — — — — — —
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表 5 水稻籽实元素含量间相关关系
Table 5. Correlation between element contents in rice seed
元素 As Cd Cu Hg Ni Zn As — — -0.350** — — — Cd — — 0.309** — 0.350** — Cu -0.350** 0.309** — — 0.683** 0.429** Hg — — — — — 0.490** Ni — 0.350** 0.683** — — 0.418** Zn — — 0.429** 0.490** 0.418** — **表示在0.01水平上显著相关，-表示未达到显著性水平，其他相关系数不显著的指标未列出；n=89.
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