ANALYSIS MEANS FOR MIGRATION AND ENRICHMENT OF ORE-FORMING ELEMENTS IN GRANITE: Mineralization and Weathering Process of Datongshan REE Orefield in Southwestern Yunnan
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摘要:
研究区位于滇西南临沧花岗岩中南段. 为查证稀土矿体中有色金属、稀有金属的共伴生情况，在钻孔的稀土矿体中采集30件化学分析样品，分析元素为W、Sn、Nb、Ta、Rb、Cs. 对花岗岩成矿元素迁移富集的研究，采用了如下方法步骤: 1)将各元素的分析值由大到小顺序排列并划分为6个组，每组5个数据; 进行观察后发现21件样品未发生矿化，4件样品发生过Sn矿化，4件样品发生过Rb矿化，1件样品发生过Sn、Rb矿化. 2)在未发生矿化的样品中，将风化壳与未风化岩石的元素质量分数进行对比，定量评估岩石在风化过程中元素的迁移富集程度; 与该地区基岩相比较，风化壳中W、Sn、Nb、Ta质量分数增高(元素富集)，Rb、Cs质量分数下降(元素迁移). 3)将Sn、Rb矿化样品的平均值与非矿化样品的平均值进行对比，定量评估岩石的矿化程度; 发生矿化的样品平均值中，Sn矿化伴有较弱的W、Ta矿化，Rb矿化伴有明显的W、Ta、Cs矿化，Sn、Rb矿化伴生明显的W、Ta、Cs矿化.
Abstract:The study area is located in the middle-southern part of Lincang granite in southwestern Yunnan. To verify the coexistence condition of non-ferrous and rare metals in the rare earth element (REE) orebody, 30 chemical samples are collected from the drilled orebody to analyze elements including W, Sn, Nb, Ta, Rb and Cs. The following methods and steps are adopted to study the migration and enrichment of ore-forming elements in granite: First, the analysis values of each element are arranged in order from large to small and divided into 6 groups, with 5 data in each group. Observation shows that, of the samples, 21 have no mineralization, 4 have Sn mineralization, 4 have Rb mineralization, and one has Sn and Rb mineralization. Then, among the unmineralized samples, the element contents (in mass fraction) of weathered crust are compared with those of unweathered rocks to quantitatively evaluate the migration and enrichment degree of elements during weathering. Compared with the bedrocks in the area, the contents of W, Sn, Nb and Ta have increased (showing enrichment), while the contents of Rb and Cs have decreased (showing migration). Finally, the average values of Sn and Rb mineralized samples are compared with those of non-mineralized samples to quantitatively evaluate the mineralization degree of rocks. According to the average value of mineralized samples, Sn mineralization is accompanied by weak W and Ta mineralization, Rb mineralization by obvious W, Ta and Cs mineralization, and Sn-Rb mineralization by obvious W, Ta and Cs mineralization.
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Key words:
- granite /
- ore-forming element /
- REE deposit /
- migration and enrichment /
- analysis method /
- Yunnan Province
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表 1 矿区W、Sn、Nb、Ta、Rb、Cs分析结果
Table 1. Analysis result of W, Sn, Nb, Ta, Rb and Cs contents in the orefield
序号 W Sn Nb Ta Rb Cs 序号 W Sn Nb Ta Rb Cs 1 12.30 92.2 15.7 2.60 164 7.76 17 9.89 14.2 21.7 2.14 176 11.70 2 9.38 51.0 12.8 2.21 195 6.42 18 4.91 16.2 23.5 2.49 163 7.27 3 3.83 16.4 13.0 1.93 198 9.06 19 8.45 17.2 23.3 2.13 163 11.10 4 7.41 12.5 14.3 1.76 198 8.37 20 11.00 65.0 13.7 3.67 248 15.80 5 4.61 10.8 13.0 1.65 188 6.51 21 5.44 10.8 13.2 2.76 259 16.10 6 6.94 15.0 12.4 1.51 108 3.03 22 33.60 10.8 11.6 2.38 246 6.04 7 2.55 10.1 16.1 1.85 192 6.20 23 2.11 11.1 12.3 2.90 281 6.94 8 8.59 10.9 14.5 1.84 162 5.49 24 9.77 4.6 11.4 1.23 124 3.28 9 7.28 8.6 12.9 1.89 217 10.80 25 10.20 7.1 10.7 1.08 121 2.48 10 4.05 8.3 13.3 1.93 210 7.30 平均值 10.38 15.8 16.5 2.27 195 8.77 11 8.44 47.0 14.5 2.37 226 8.74 26 5.58 12.9 19.4 2.62 42 1.39 12 4.30 9.2 11.7 1.73 166 6.49 27 5.11 44.0 19.2 2.35 42 1.36 平均值 6.64 24.3 13.7 1.94 185 7.18 平均值 5.35 28.5 19.3 2.48 42 1.38 13 11.20 14.3 16.6 1.90 185 5.08 28 11.70 14.1 12.1 3.60 322 12.90 14 11.20 10.9 13.7 1.63 206 8.35 29 10.00 10.0 15.2 1.80 192 9.36 15 3.76 7.5 17.3 2.28 218 11.30 平均值 10.85 12.1 13.7 2.70 257 11.13 16 13.40 15.0 25.8 2.46 142 8.52 30 2.64 9.2 17.0 1.74 113 10.80 含量单位：10－6. 
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表 2 Sn元素的分析值与特征数值
Table 2. Analytical values and eigenvalues of Sn
组号 分析值 平均值 组差 两极值 组距 中位数 位差 1 92.2 65.0 51.0 47.0 44.0 59.8 92.2~44.0 48.2 65.0 5.2 2 17.2 16.4 16.2 15.0 15.0 16.0 43.8 17.2~15.0 2.2 16.2 0.2 3 14.3 142. 14.1 12.9 12.5 13.6 2.4 14.3~12.5 1.8 14.1 0.5 4 11.1 10.9 10.9 10.8 10.8 10.9 2.7 11.1~10.8 0.3 10.9 0 5 10.8 10.1 10.0 9.2 9.2 9.9 1.0 10.8~9.2 1.6 10.0 0.1 6 8.6 8.3 7.5 7.1 4.6 7.2 2.7 8.6~4.6 4.0 7.5 0.3 含量单位：10－6. 组差为本组与上一组数据之差.
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表 3 Rb元素的分析值与特征数值
Table 3. Analytical values and eigenvalues of Rb
组号 分析值 平均值 组差 两极值 组距 中位数 位差 1 322 281 259 248 246 271 322~246 76 259 -12 2 226 218 217 210 206 215 56 226~206 20 217 2 3 198 198 195 192 192 195 20 198~192 6 195 0 4 188 185 166 164 163 173 22 188~163 25 166 -7 5 176 163 162 142 124 153 20 176~124 52 162 9 6 121 113 108 42 42 85 68 121~42 79 108 23 含量单位：10－6. 组差为本组与上一组数据之差.
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表 4 不同母岩的非矿化样品的W、Sn、Nb、Ta、Rb、Cs平均值
Table 4. Average values of W, Sn, Nb, Ta, Rb and Cs of non-mineralized samples from different parent rocks
岩石名称 样品数 W Sn Nb Ta Rb Cs 似斑状中粗粒黑云二长花岗岩 9 5.51 11.3 13.5 1.79 182 7.03 中粗粒黑云二长花岗岩 9 9.20 11.9 18.2 1.85 166 7.68 似斑状中细粒黑云二长花岗岩 1 5.58 12.9 19.4 2.62 42* 1.39* 中细粒黑云二长花岗岩 1 10.00 10.0 15.2 1.80 192 9.36 中细粒花岗闪长岩 1 2.64* 9.2 17.0 1.74 113 10.80 平均值 21 7.17 11.5 16.0 1.89 166 7.77 含量单位：10－6. *为质量分数明显偏小的平均值.
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表 5 不同层位成矿元素质量分数对比
Table 5. Comparison of ore-forming element contents in different strata
元素 W Sn Nb Ta Rb Cs 风化壳/10-6 5.8 10.3 17.2 2.10 142 8.5 基岩/10-6 2.9 5.1 14.5 1.09 165 10.8 富集系数/% 2.00 2.02 1.19 1.93 0.86 0.79
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表 6 矿化样品的平均值与富集系数
Table 6. Average values and enrichment coefficients of mineralized samples
样品类型 样品数 平均值/10-6 富集系数/% W Sn Nb Ta Rb Cs W Sn Nb Ta Rb Cs 非矿化 21 7.17 11.5 16.0 1.89 166 7.77 Sn矿化 4 8.81 58.6 15.6 2.33 157 6.07 1.23 5.10 0.98 1.23 0.95 0.78 Rb矿化 4 13.21 11.7 12.3 2.91 277 10.50 1.84 1.02 0.77 1.54 1.67 1.35 Sn、Rb矿化 1 11.00 65.0 13.7 3.67 248 15.80 1.53 5.65 0.86 1.94 1.49 2.03
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表 7 花岗岩中Sn－W－Nb－Ta－Rb－Cs的工业指标
Table 7. Industrial indexes of Sn, W, Nb, Ta, Rb and Cs in granite
矿种 氧化物（单质）/% 元素/10－6 符号 边界品位 最低工业品位 符号 边界品位 最低工业品位 钨 WO3 0.064~0.10 0.12~0.20 W 507~793 951~1586 锡 Sn 0.1~0.2 0.2~0.4 Sn 1 000~2 000 2 000~4 000 铌 Nb2O5 0.05 0.1 Nb 350 699 钽 Ta2O5 0.006 0.01 Ta 49 82 铷 Rb2O 0.04~0.06 0.1~0.2 Rb 366~549 914~1 829 铯 Cs2O 0.05~0.06 Cs 315~377 472~566
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