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摘要:
针对某REO含量2.48%、P2O5含量19.73%的含稀土磷矿,开发了选冶联合新工艺流程处理并分别回收其中的稀土和磷,采用"浮选—磁选"流程得到稀土磷混合精矿,"化学选矿—酸化—水浸—除杂—沉淀—煅烧"和"冷冻硝酸钙—氨中和制磷肥—洗水制石膏"两条技术路线分别对稀土和磷进行综合回收利用。结果显示:氧化稀土产品中REO含量98.31%,选矿流程稀土回收率为62.66%(未计铌铁矿),冶金流程稀土回收率86.70%;磷肥中P2O5含量14.8%,总氮含量15.3%,选矿流程磷回收率为83.09%,冶金流程磷回收率85.24%。新工艺技术指标优良,资源综合利用率高,处理含稀土磷灰石精矿合理有效,具有广阔的工业应用前景。
Abstract:A rare earth-bearing apatite assaying 2.48% REO and 19.73% P2O5 is studied in this paper. A combined beneficiation-metallurgy process is developed to recover rare earth and phosphorus from the apatite. Firstly, the process of flotation-magnetic separation is conducted to obtain a mixed rare earth-phosphorus concentrate. Then two technical routes of chemical beneficiation-acidification-water leaching-precipitating rare earth and decalcification-ammonia neutralization-evaporation and granulation are adopted to recover rare earth and phosphorus with the gypsum as the by-products. The results show that the rare earth oxide products contain 98.31% REO, and the REO recoveries of beneficiation and metallurgy process are 62.66% (without Nb-Fe concentrate) and 86.70%, respectively. The phosphate fertilizer contains 14.8% P2O5 and 15.3% total nitrogen. The phosphorus recoveries of beneficiation and metallurgy process are 83.09% and 85.24%, respectively. The rare earth-bearing apatite concentrate can be effectively treated by the new process with excellent technical parameters and high comprehensive utilization. Hence, the new process has a wide prospect in the industrial applications.
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Key words:
- apatite /
- rare earth /
- phosphorus /
- comprehensive utilization /
- combined beneficiation-metallurgy
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表 1 原矿矿物组成
Table 1. Mineral compositions of raw ore
矿物类型 矿物种类 含量/% 稀土矿物 独居石,直氟碳钙铈矿,氟碳铈矿,胶态稀土 2.41 铌矿物 易解石,铌铁矿,烧绿石,铌铁金红石 4.57 磷矿物 磷灰石 48.25 其他金属氧化矿物 赤铁矿,褐铁矿,磁铁矿,硬锰矿 25.74 脉石矿物 绿泥石、石英、云母、白云石、方解石、长石 17.16 表 2 原矿主要化学成分分析结果 /%
Table 2. Main chemical components of raw ore
组成 REO Fe P2O5 CaO SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 F MgO Sc Nb2O5 含量 2.48 17.61 19.73 27.05 8.86 1.51 2.10 1.77 1.31 0.01 0.75 表 3 原矿物理选矿分选结果
Table 3. Physical separation results of raw ore
产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% REO P2O5 Nb2O5 Fe REO P2O5 Nb2O5 Fe 稀土磷混合精矿 57.84 2.79 31.64 0.28 4.29 65.07 92.76 21.59 14.09 铌铁粗精矿 27.38 2.16 4.08 1.57 39.8 23.85 5.66 57.32 61.88 尾矿 14.78 1.86 2.11 1.07 28.63 11.09 1.58 21.09 24.03 合计 100 2.48 19.73 0.75 17.61 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 表 4 稀土磷混合精矿主要元素分析结果
Table 4. Analysis results of main elements in RE-P bulk concentrate
元素 REO P2O5 Nb2O5 Fe Ca Sc U Th 含量/% 2.79 31.64 0.28 4.29 31.65 0.005 118.7 1212.3 注:U、Th单位为Bq/kg。 表 5 稀土粗精矿和溶液的化学分析结果
Table 5. Chemical analysis of rare earth concentrate and solution
成分 REO P2O5 SiO2 CaO Fe2O3 F 溶液/(g·L-1) 0.28 93.62 11.28 130.5 5.65 4.63 稀土粗精矿/% 13.82 16.98 4.52 15.87 21.91 5.06 表 6 酸化残渣、除杂渣、氧化稀土和沉淀母液的化学分析结果
Table 6. Chemical analysis of acidified residue, impurity removing residue, rare earth oxide and mother liquid
成分 REO P2O5 SiO2 CaO Fe2O3 F S 酸化残渣/% 2.18 19.38 5.86 20.58 7.29 / 18.74 除杂渣/% 0.65 7.89 0.061 0.001 40.58 / / 氧化稀土/% 98.31 <0.01 0.08 0.23 0.016 0.09 / 沉淀母液/(g·L-1) 0.005 <0.005 0.01 0.012 0.021 <0.005 / 表 7 硝酸钙、磷肥和石膏产品化学分析结果 /%
Table 7. Chemical analysis of calcium nitrate, phosphate and gypsum
成分 Ca Mg Fe P2O5 Al F Sc Nb2O5 REO 磷肥 8.59 0.25 0.04 14.81 0.035 0.6 <0.002 0.012 0.02 硝酸钙 15.12 -- 0.007 1.66 0.017 -- <0.002 <0.007 0.01 石膏 25.36 0.012 0.006 1.03 0.03 0.1 <0.002 <0.007 0.01 表 8 磷肥标准分析结果 /%
Table 8. Standard analysis results of phosphate fertilizer
总氮(N) 有效磷(P2O5) 水溶磷占有效磷比例 水分 15.3 14.8 98.79 2.36 -
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