Remote Sensing Study on the Present Situation of Mining Environment Rehabilitation in Tibet
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摘要:
西藏地处青藏高原,是典型的生态环境脆弱区。为了分析西藏自治区的矿山环境恢复治理现状,利用2016年和2017年获取的卫星遥感数据,采用室内遥感信息提取与野外现场调查验证相结合的技术方法,开展调查研究。调查结果表明,回填平整是西藏最主要的矿山环境恢复治理措施;西藏自治区的矿山环境恢复治理工作取得了一定的效果。总体建议是,在西藏自治区采用自然恢复为主、回填平整为辅、多种恢复治理措施相结合的策略,因地制宜地开展矿山环境恢复治理工作。研究成果可为西藏及同类地区的矿山环境恢复治理规划等工作提供参考。
Abstract:Tibet, located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is a typical fragile area of ecological environment. In order to analyze the present situation of mine environment rehabilitation in Tibet, the satellite remote sensing data acquired in 2016 and 2017 and the technical method combining remote sensing information extraction and field investigation were used to investigate and study. Survey results showed that backfill leveling was the most important mine environment rehabilitation method in Tibet. It was believed that the rehabilitation of mining environment in Tibet had achieved certain progress. The general suggestion is that the Tibet Autonomous Region should adopt a strategy of combining natural recovery as the mainstay, backfilling and leveling as the supplement, and multiple restoration and control measures, carrying out mining environment restoration and treatment according to local conditions. The research results can provide reference for the planning of mine environment rehabilitation in Tibet and similar areas.
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Key words:
- Tibet /
- mine environment /
- rehabilitation measures /
- promotion suggestions /
- remote sensing
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表 1 常见恢复治理前后情况对比
Table 1. Comparison between common situations before and after rehabilitation
表 2 不同恢复治理措施涉及图斑数量和面积一览表
Table 2. List of the number and area of patches involved in different rehabilitation methods
Geomorphic areas Plateau in northern Tibet Alpine canyon in eastern Tibet Valley in southern Tibet High mountains area of Himalayan Total Number area /104 m2 Number area /104 m2 Number area /104 m2 Number area /104 m2 Number area /104 m2 Natural rehabilitation
(flood rehabilitation)1 6.32 48 317.47 49 323.79 Natural rehabilitation
(natural green)5 2.60 5 2.60 Backfilling and leveling 68 6 721.53 3 4.85 26 1 202.73 4 17.96 101 7 947.07 Green (plant trees) 4 42.25 4 42.25 Green (plant grass) 2 9.18 17 79.89 19 89.07 Transform into construction land 2 9.06 18 48.65 20 57.71 Transform into agricultural land 1 1.10 14 44.78 15 45.88 Total 69 6 727.85 8 24.19 132 1 738.37 4 17.96 213 8 508.37 表 3 不同措施恢复治理效果
Table 3. Governance effect of different rehabilitation methods
Effect about rehabilitation Better effect Good effect Total Remarks Number area /104 m2 Number area /104 m2 Number area /104 m2 Natural rehabilitation
(flood rehabilitation)49 323.79 49 323.79 Natural rehabilitation
(natural green)5 2.60 5 2.60 need long time Backfilling and leveling 101 7 947.07 101 7 947.07 maybe destroy more land Green (plant trees) 1 18.16 3 24.09 4 42.25 higher costs of later maintenance Green (plant grass) 19 89.07 19 89.07 high costs of later maintenance Transform into construction land 20 57.71 20 57.71 higher costs of transform Transform into agricultural land 15 45.88 15 45.88 high costs of transform Total 104 534.61 109 7 973.76 213 8 508.37 表 4 恢复治理措施推广建议
Table 4. Suggestion on promotion of rehabilitation measures
Rehabilitation method Potential Application areas Remarks Natural rehabilitation
(flood rehabilitation)Popularize River valleys Natural rehabilitation
(natural green)Popularize If it can be combined with backfill leveling, the effect will be better. Backfilling and leveling Properly popularize All Tibet The destruction of adjacent land should be minimized during backfilling and leveling. Green (plant trees) Properly popularize Water-rich areas, such as Himalayas, river valleys, et al Late maintenance should be pay more attention. Green (plant grass) Properly popularize Water-rich areas, such as Himalayas, river valleys, et al Late maintenance should be pay more attention. Transform into construction land Popularize in specific areas Mainly in urban areas Transform into agricultural land Properly popularize Near the densely populated Countryside, river valleys, et al -
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