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摘要:
磷矿石是磷化工生产的重要原料，在国民经济的发展中占有重要地位。磷矿石入选品位的降低、有用矿物与脉石矿物性质相似、矿物嵌布粒度过细等不利因素影响着磷矿选矿技术的发展。通过研究药剂与矿物之间的相互作用机理有助于改善矿物的选别效果，综述了磷矿石的重要性和浮选现状，着重研究了六偏磷酸钠在中低品位磷矿石浮选中的应用及作用机理。研究发现六偏磷酸钠在磷矿石浮选中有两个主要作用：一是六偏磷酸钠的加入会与捕收剂在磷灰石矿物表面形成竞争吸附，抑制捕收剂在磷灰石矿物表面的吸附，从而改变矿物的亲疏水性；二是六偏磷酸钠的加入会引起矿物表面电荷发生改变，使得矿物颗粒间相互作用力随之发生改变，增加矿物颗粒的分散性，从而优化矿物浮选条件。
Abstract:Phosphate ore is an important raw material for phosphorus chemical production and plays an important role in the development of national economy. The negative factors such as the decrease of phosphate ore inclusion grade, the similarity of mineral properties between useful minerals and gangue minerals, and the excessively fine mineral mosaics affect the development of phosphate ore dressing technology. The study of the interaction mechanism between agents and minerals is helpful to improve the mineral separation effect, the importance and flotation status of phosphate ores were reviewed, and the application and mechanism of sodium hexametaphosphate in flotation of medium-grade and low-grade phosphate ores were emphatically studied. It is found that sodium hexametaphosphate has two main roles in phosphate ore flotation: First, the addition of sodium hexametaphosphate will form a competitive adsorption with the collector on the apatite mineral surface, which further inhibits the adsorption of the collector on the apatite mineral surface, thus changing the hydrophilicity of the mineral; The second is that the addition of sodium hexametaphosphate will cause the change of mineral surface potential, so that the interaction force between mineral particles will change accordingly, increasing the dispersion of mineral particles, and thus optimizing the mineral flotation conditions.
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Key words:
- phosphate ore /
- sodium hexametaphosphate /
- hydrophobicity /
- dispersibility
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表 1 浮选方法和处理矿石类型
Table 1. The relation between flotation methods and ore types
浮选方法 矿石类型 应用实例 正浮选 岩浆岩型或沉积变质型磷灰石 马营磷矿选厂、锦屏磷矿选厂 反浮选 沉积型硅钙质磷块岩 瓮福磷矿选厂、海口磷矿选厂 正-反浮选(反-正浮选) 硅钙质胶磷矿 昆阳和安宁中低品位胶磷矿选厂、大峪口磷矿选厂 双反浮选 高硅镁型磷块岩或胶磷矿 远安磷矿选厂、宜化殷家坪磷矿选厂 
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表 2 六偏磷酸钠对细粒磷灰石和白云石纯矿物浮选影响
Table 2. Effects of Sodium hexametaphosphate on flotation of fine apatite and dolomite
六偏磷酸钠浓度/(mg·L-1) 产品 产率/% P2O5品位/% P2O5回收率/% 0 精矿 38.90 32.40 65.92 尾矿 61.10 10.67 34.08 给矿 100.0 19.12 100.0 2 精矿 44.36 34.50 80.04 尾矿 55.64 6.86 19.96 给矿 100.0 19.12 100.0
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表 3 六偏磷酸钠对细粒磷灰石和白云石纯矿物表面电位影响
Table 3. Effects of sodium hexametaphosphate on surface potential of fine apatite and dolomite
样品 pH 表面电位/mV HCl HCl+SHMP HCl+NaOL HCl+SHMP+NaOL 白云石 9.60 -8.19 -29.00 -29.60 -31.80 4.40 10.04 -4.15 -5.20 -11.69 磷灰石 9.30 -24.40 -30.10 -29.70 -32.70 4.40 -9.33 -10.30 -21.70 -18.80
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