Study on Direct Reduction of Sea Sand Ore Containing Vanadium and Titanium by Rotary Hearth Furnace
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摘要: 针对印尼钒钛海砂选矿后的精矿，采用转底炉直接还原—电炉熔分工艺，先后完成了小型基础试验研究和中试试验。得到最佳的条件是，m（海砂精矿）：m（兰炭）：m（膨润土）：m（有机粘结剂）=100：25：3：1，含碳球团3层（54 mm），还原温度1 260℃，还原时间30 min，中试得到球团平均金属化率88.63%，球团中剩碳4.81%。将金属化球团热装入300 kVA的直流电炉进行冶炼，得到含钒铁水，铁水中铁品位96.25%，钒品位0.443%，铁与钒回收率分别为99.64%和88.96%，炉渣中TiO2品位38.86%，钛回收率为98.95%。结果表明，转底炉直接还原—电炉熔分处理海砂精矿技术上可行。Abstract: For the concentrate of Indonesian sand mine containing vanadium and titanium, the process of direct reduction by rotary hearth furnace and melting separation by electric furnace was adopted to complete the small-scale basic test and the pilot test successively. The metallized pellets could be obtained with the average metallization rate of 88.63% and carbon content of 4.81% by pilot test under the conditions of the mixed material ratio of the sea sand concentration, semi-coke, bentonite and organic binder at the ratio of 100:25:3:1, the thickness of containing coal pellets of 3 layers (54 mm), rotary hearth furnace roasting temperature of 1 260 ℃, reduction time of 30 minutes. Then the hot metallized pellets were fed into a 300 kVA electric furnace for smelting. The iron containing V could be obtained with TFe grade of 96.25%, iron recovery of 99.64%, V grade of 0.443% and V recovery of 88.96%. The grade of TiO2 in slag is 38.86%, and the recovery of titanium is 98.95%. The results showed that the technology of direct reduction by RHF and melting by electric furnace was feasible.
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表 1 原矿与钒钛海砂精矿化学多元素分析
/% Table 1. Multi-elements analysis results of raw ore and concentrates
element TFe V2O5 TiO2 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO S P raw ore 19.28 0.136 5.14 45.43 8.27 4.26 9.27 0.009 0.044 concentrates 58.50 0.57 8.81 2.10 3.62 0.72 2.53 0.002 0.12 
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表 2 钒钛海砂精矿粒度分析
Table 2. Particle size analysis of concentrates
particle size /mm +0.074 -0.074+0.045 -0.045 percentage /% 3.07 12.27 84.66
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表 3 转底炉中试试验主要设备
Table 3. Main equipments of RHF pilot test
serial number equipment name equipment model and parameters application of the equipment equipment sets 1 XLH mixer 22 kW, 380 V raw material mixture 1 2 disk pelletizer Diameter: 2.5 meters preparation of carbon-containing pellets 1 3 mesh belt dryer three layers; 2.2 kW drying 1 4 RHF outer diameter: 10 m, charging width: 2 m reduction 1 5 direct current electric arc furnace 300 kVA smelting of pellets 1
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表 4 熔分温度对铁、钒回收率的影响
Table 4. Influence of melting temperature on the recovery of iron and vanadium
Temperture/℃ Fe grade/% Fe recovery/% V grade/% V recovery/% TiO2 grade/% TiO2 recovery/% 1550 97.78 66.25 0.182 22.76 36.47 98.35 1600 96.12 96.57 0.400 74.34 37.12 98.62
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表 5 含钒铁块的化学多元素分析
Table 5. Multi-elements analysis results of iron containing V
Fe V Ti Si C S P 93.80 0.463 0.14 0.76 3.76 0.06 0.15
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表 6 炉渣的化学多元素分析
Table 6. Multi-elements analysis results of the slag
TFe V2O5 TiO2 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO S P 0.95 0.27 38.86 18.69 21.45 5.12 12.29 0.002 0.001
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