Separation of a Copper-lead Mixed Concentrate by High-intensity Magnetic-floatation
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摘要:
青海某铜铅锌矿选厂产出的铜铅混合精矿含Cu 1.96%、Pb 56.39%，但该混合精矿中方铅矿粒度微细，采用传统的铜铅浮选药剂存在着分离效果差、产品金属互含高等问题。为了提高铜铅分离效率，基于黄铜矿具有弱磁性的特点，采用强磁选—浮选工艺对该混合精矿进行处理。在背景磁场强度1.5 T、脉冲冲次25 Hz的参数条件下，磁选扩大试验获得了含Cu 0.53%、Pb 59.32%的磁选尾矿，可作为铅精矿产品直接销售，以及含Cu 3.32%、Pb 49.40%的磁选精矿，可进一步通过浮选工艺可得到合格的铜精矿和铅精矿。最终获得含Cu 17.63%、Pb 9.31%、Cu回收率71.48%的铜精矿和含Cu 0.61%、Pb 59.72%、Pb回收率98.67%的铅精矿，相比于直接浮选工艺，采用磁浮联合工艺可明显降低铜铅分离的难度，提高了分离效率，为下一步开展现场改造提供了依据。
Abstract:The copper lead mixed concentrate produced by a copper lead zinc ore concentrator in Qinghai contains Cu 1.96% and Pb 56.39%, but the particle size of galena in the mixed concentrate is fine. Using traditional copper lead flotation reagent, there are some problems such as poor separation effect and high mutual content of product metals. In order to improve the separation efficiency of copper and lead, based on the weak magnetic characteristics of chalcopyrite, the mixed concentrate was treated by strong magnetic separation flotation process. In this paper, under the conditions of background magnetic field strength of 1.5 T and pulse impulse of 25 Hz, the magnetic separation tailings containing 0.53% Cu and 59.32% Pb are obtained in the expanded magnetic separation test, which can be sold directly as lead concentrate products, and the magnetic separation concentrate containing 3.32% Cu and 49.40% Pb. Qualified copper concentrate and lead concentrate can be obtained through flotation process. Finally, the copper concentrate containing 17.63% Cu, 9.31% Pb and 71.48% Cu recovery and the lead concentrate containing 0.61% Cu, 59.72% Pb and 98.67% Pb recovery are obtained. Compared with the direct flotation process, the combined maglev process can significantly reduce the difficulty of copper lead separation and improve the separation efficiency, which provides a basis for on-site transformation in the next step.
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Key words:
- copper-lead separation /
- magnetic separation /
- chalcopyrite /
- fine grained galena /
- flotation
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表 1 铜铅混合精矿样品化学多元素分析结果
Table 1. Chemical multi-element analysis results of copper-lead mixed concentrate sample
成分 Cu Pb Zn Fe S As Au Ag 含量/% 1.96 56.39 4.15 5.13 27.98 0.12 0.41 293.90 成分 MgO CaO Na2O K2O SiO2 Al2O3 Sb 含量/% 0.13 0.34 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 1.31 0.94 0.12 注：Au、Ag含量单位为g/t。 
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表 2 铜锌混合精矿样品中主要矿物组成及相对含量
Table 2. Main mineral composition and relative content in copper-lead mixed concentrate samples
/% 矿物 方铅矿 闪锌矿 黄铜矿 磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿 赤铁矿、褐铁矿 石英 长石 其他 含量 78.27 6.43 2.48 8.18 1.19 2.17 0.23 1.05
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表 3 混合精矿筛析结果
Table 3. Sieve analysis results of mixed concentrate
产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 金属分布率/% Cu Pb Cu Pb +0.150 mm 1.31 3.21 36.32 2.17 0.85 -0.150+0.074 mm 10.40 2.73 51.71 14.54 9.54 -0.074+0.038 mm 7.85 1.60 54.17 6.45 7.54 -0.039+0.026 mm 18.81 1.72 55.12 16.64 18.39 -0.026 mm 61.63 1.90 58.27 60.20 63.68 混合精矿 100.00 1.95 56.39 100.00 100.00
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表 4 不同粒级中各矿物的单体率及不同矿物的连生关系
Table 4. Monomer ratio of each mineral in different particle size fractions and the continuous relationship of different minerals
粒级 黄铜矿 方铅矿 单体率/% 连生体率/% 单体率/% 连生体率/% 与方铅矿 与闪锌矿 与磁黄铁矿及脉石 与黄铜矿 与闪锌矿 与磁黄铁矿及脉石 +0.150 mm 62 11 18 9 65 13 27 10 主要为方铅矿-铜矿物-闪锌矿-脉石矿物等多矿物复杂连生；少量与磁黄铁矿毗连连生 主要为方铅矿-铜矿物-闪锌矿-脉石矿物等多矿物复杂连生；少量与磁黄铁矿毗连连生 -0.150 mm+0.074 mm 71 8 9 12 73 5 7 16 主要为被黄铁矿包裹半包裹复杂连生，少量与闪锌矿、方铅矿毗连连生 主要为被磁黄铁矿包裹半包裹复杂连生；其次为与闪锌矿毗连连生；少量与铜矿物连生 -0.074 mm+0.039 mm 82 9 6 3 85 4 3 8 主要与方铅矿毗连连生；其次为被闪锌矿半包裹连生 主要与磁黄铁矿毗连连生；其次为被黄铁矿包裹半包裹连生 -0.039 mm+0.019 mm 88 4 7 1 90 4 5 1 主要为与与闪锌矿毗连连生或复杂连生，少量与方铅矿形成复杂连生体 主要为与闪锌矿的毗连连生，少量与铜矿物毗连连生或复杂连生 -0.019 mm 94 4 1 1 95 5 ＜1 ＜1 主要与方铅矿毗连连生，少量为被黄铁矿包裹半包裹连生 主要与黄铁矿毗连连生 合计 89.12 10.88 90.59 9.41
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表 5 铜铅分离试验流程结果
Table 5. Test results of copper-lead separation process
/% 产品名称 产率 品位 回收率 Cu Pb Cu Pb 铜精矿 4.48 12.33 21.21 28.00 1.69 扫选精矿 4.37 5.21 46.22 11.53 3.59 铅精矿 91.13 1.31 58.53 60.47 94.72 混浮尾矿 100.00 1.97 56.32 100.00 100.00
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表 6 磁选扩大试验结果
Table 6. Expansion test results of magnetic separation
/% 产品名称 产率 品位 回收率 Cu Pb Cu Pb 磁精矿 51.29 3.32 49.40 86.84 46.72 磁尾矿 48.71 0.53 59.32 13.16 53.28 混合精矿 100.00 1.96 54.23 100.00 100.00
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表 7 磁选精矿铜铅分离试验结果
Table 7. Test results of copper-lead separation process for the magnetic separation concentrate
/% 产品名称 作业产率 品位 作业回收率 Cu Pb Cu Pb 铜精矿 11.40 19.21 11.21 65.72 2.59 扫选精矿 4.05 9.21 36.22 11.20 2.97 铅精矿 84.55 0.91 55.16 23.08 94.44 磁精矿 100.00 3.33 49.38 100.00 100.00
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表 8 全流程闭路试验指标
Table 8. Closed-circuit test results of the whole-process
/% 产品名称 产率 品位 回收率 Cu Pb Cu Pb 铜精矿 7.98 17.63 9.31 71.48 1.33 铅精矿1 48.71 0.53 59.32 13.12 51.88 铅精矿2 43.31 0.70 60.16 15.40 46.78 混合精矿 100.00 1.97 55.69 100.00 100.00
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