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摘要:
以拜耳法赤泥为主要原料，添加铝矾土熟料、锂瓷石在低温条件下制备长石-刚玉质复相陶瓷。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对陶瓷的物相组成和形貌进行分析。研究了赤泥的含量、烧结温度等对陶瓷的体积密度、收缩率、吸水率、孔隙率、抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明：当赤泥在原料中的质量分数为60%、烧结温度为1 050 ℃时，制得复相陶瓷的性能最优，其物相组成为钙长石、刚玉、赤铁矿、石英、玻璃相以及少量的莫来石相，体积密度为1.85 g/cm3，收缩率为7.34%，吸水率为19.87%，抗压强度为79.48 MPa，其有害组分的溶出试验进一步表明钠、钾、钙等有害元素均稳定固化在产物中，产品在墙体装饰、陶瓷和耐火材料等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
Abstract:Using bayer red mud as the main raw material, adding vanadium clay clinker and lithium porcelain stone, feldspar-corundum ceramics were prepared at low temperature. The phase composition and morphology of ceramics were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of the amount of red mud and sintering temperature on the volume density, shrinkage, water absorption, porosity and compressive strength of ceramics were studied. The results show that: When the amount of red mud is 60% and the sintering temperature is 1 050 ℃, the properties of the multiphase ceramics are the best, and the phase composition is anhydrite, corundum, hematite, quartz, glass phase and a small amount of mullite phase. The volume density is 1.85 g/cm3, the shrinkage rate is 7.34%, the water absorption rate is 19.87%, and the compressive strength is 79.48 mpa. The dissolution experiment of harmful components further showed that sodium, potassium, calcium and other harmful elements were stabilized in the product, which has a wide application prospect in the field of wall decoration and refractory materials.
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Key words:
- red mud /
- ceramic /
- low temperature /
- solidification of harmful elements
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表 1 赤泥的主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical composition of red mud
/% Chemical composition Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2 Na2O CaO TiO2 SO3 percentage 33.42 20.02 19.24 10.46 8.86 4.17 1.27 
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表 2 锂瓷石的主要化学成分
Table 2. Main chemical composition of lithium porcelain stone
/% Chemical composition SiO2 Al2O3 K2O CaO Na2O F P2O5 percentage 65.47 20.36 3.71 3.14 2.39 2.03 1.74
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表 3 铝矾土熟料的主要化学成分
Table 3. Main chemical composition of bauxite clinker
/% Chemical composition Al2O3 SiO2 TiO2 Fe2O3 K2O CaO MgO P2O5 percentage 64.50 28.70 3.04 1.67 0.86 0.47 0.24 0.15
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表 4 赤泥含量60%、1 050 ℃烧结的长石-刚玉质复相陶瓷试样ICP测试结果
Table 4. ICP test results of feldspar-jade multiphase ceramics sintered at 1 050 ℃ with 60% red mud content
soak time /d element content /(mg·L-1) 1 Fe ＜0.01 1 Ca ＜0.01 1 Ti ＜0.01 1 Na 2.68 7 Ca 8.07 7 K 3.28 7 Na 12.4
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