Advances in Comprehensive Utilization of Magnesite Tailings
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摘要:
我国菱镁矿储量、产量和出口量均居世界首位，同时菱镁矿开采加工过程中会产生大量尾矿。在概述菱镁矿尾矿矿物组成和化学成分的基础上，重点阐述菱镁矿尾矿在建筑材料（水泥、混凝土及膨胀剂、墙体材料、微晶玻璃）、耐火材料（镁砂、镁橄榄石、溅渣护炉改质剂）、化工产品（氧化镁、氢氧化镁、镁盐）和环保药剂（水处理剂、烟气净化剂、土壤修复剂）领域综合利用研究现状，指出菱镁矿尾矿综合利用领域存在的问题并针对未来发展提出建议。
Abstract:The reserves, production and exports of China's magnesite rank first in the world, and thus producing a large amount of magnesite tailings during the development and utilization of magnesite mining. The mineral and chemical composition of magnesite tailings were introduced in outline, and the comprehensive utilization of magnesite tailings was summarized in detail, including building materials (cement, concrete, expansion agents, wall materials and glass-ceramics), refractories (magnesia, forsterite and converter protecting modifier for slag splashing), chemical products (magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and magnesium salts), and environmental agents (water treatment agents, flue gas purifying agents and soil remediation agents). Furthermore, the existing problems were pointed out in the comprehensive utilization of magnesite tailings, and suggestions for its future development were put forward accordingly.
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表 1 不同地区菱镁矿尾矿主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical composition of magnesite tailings from various regions
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表 2 添加剂对镁橄榄石晶体结构及烧结性能影响
Table 2. Effects of additives on crystal structure and sintering properties of forsterite
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表 3 菱镁矿尾矿吸附水中金属离子
Table 3. Adsorption of metal ions in water by magnesite tailings
污染物 菱镁矿尾矿预处理 吸附影响因素 饱和吸附量/(mg·g−1) 吸附
等温线吸附动力学 文献 Cd2+ 破碎、研磨、筛分（75 μm），
100 ℃干燥5 hpH、吸附剂用量、
接触时间、温度38.46 Langmuir 准二级动力学方程 [69] Ni2+ 破碎、研磨、
筛分（75 μm）pH、吸附剂用量、
接触时间、温度5.48 Langmuir 准二级动力学方程 [7] Cu2+ 破碎、研磨、筛分（75 μm），
100 ℃干燥5 hpH、初始浓度、吸附剂用量、
接触时间、温度12.18 Langmuir 准二级动力学方程 [71] Zn2+ 破碎、研磨、筛分（75 μm），
100 ℃干燥5 hpH、初始浓度、吸附剂用量、
接触时间、温度、30.77 Langmuir 准二级动力学方程
颗粒内扩散方程[72] B3+ 破碎、研磨、筛分（75 μm），
100～1 000 ℃焙烧1 h焙烧温度、pH、吸附剂用量、
接触时间、温度65.79 Langmuir 准二级动力学方程 [70]
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