Research Progress on Characteristics and Comprehensive Utilization of Bauxite Resource in China
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摘要:
铝土矿是我国战略性矿产之一，是国家经济建设的重要物质基础，在保障产业链供应链安全稳定中具有重要作用。概述了我国铝土矿资源储量、分布、类型以及资源特点；对比了我国铝土矿主要矿区的矿石物质组成与矿石特征；介绍了铝土矿在不同行业的应用情况及品质要求，详细阐述了铝土矿选矿技术现状，以及共伴生组分及元素、尾矿、赤泥和耐火材料废料的综合利用技术，最后分析了铝土矿在开发利用过程存在的主要问题，并提出了针对性的建议。
Abstract:Bauxite is one of the strategic minerals in China, an important material basis for national economic construction, and plays a significant role in ensuring the security and stability of the supply chain of the industrial chain. The bauxite resource reserves, distribution, types and resource characteristics in China were overviewed. The ore material composition and ore characteristics of the main bauxite mining areas in China were compared, the applications and quality requirements of bauxite in different industries as well as the current status of bauxite beneficiation technology, and the comprehensive utilization technology of co-associated components and elements, tailings, red mud and refractory waste were introduced. Finally, the main problems associated with bauxite development and utilization were analyzed, and targeted suggestions were put forward.
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Key words:
- bauxite /
- resource characteristics /
- mineral processing /
- red mud /
- comprehensive utilization
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表 1 我国主要产区的铝土矿主要化学组成及矿物组成
Table 1. Main chemical and mineral composition of bauxite in main production areas of China
/% 省区 矿区 主要化学成分 主要矿物组成 SiO2 Al2O3 TFe TiO2 山西 忻州天和 12.74 60.88 10.45 3.11 一水硬铝石70～75、高岭石15～20、锐钛矿2等 岢岚 11.40 47.22 23.86 2.13 一水硬铝石60.3、伊利石16.7、高岭石8.1、赤铁矿4.1、锐钛矿2.7、碳酸盐1.8等 长治 18.11 57.09 4.55 3.27 一水硬铝石54.8、高岭石26.1、伊利石7.9、赤铁矿4.3、锐钛矿2.3、碳酸盐2.5等 孝义 13.69 60.72 4.66 2.69 一水硬铝石60.5、高岭石25.2、赤铁矿4.3、伊利石4.6、锐钛矿1.8、碳酸盐1.3等 河南 渑池曲家村 17.86 53.91 1.82 3.73 一水硬铝石50～55、伊利石20～25、绿泥石、高岭石3～5、锐钛矿2等 渑池贯沟 11.08 68.21 0.73 3.80 一水硬铝石75～80、伊利石15～20、高，岭石2、锐钛矿2等 新密 8.62 69.02 0.77 3.17 一水硬铝石76.2、伊利石17.9、锐钛矿3.2、高岭石2.6、石英1.4等 巩义小关 11.91 68.09 0.77 3.10 一水硬铝石73.4、伊利石21.7、锐钛矿3.4等 禹州 13.21 66.65 1.00 3.23 一水硬铝石69.6、伊利石11.8、叶蜡石9.4、高岭石5.9、锐钛矿3.2等 贵州 贵阳清镇 11.07 62.78 7.51 2.94 一水硬铝石65.62、高岭石11.19、伊利石8.95、赤铁矿4.07、褐铁矿3.26、锐钛矿2.03、黄铁矿1.01等 遵义龙坪 18.90 57.90 8.36 2.40 一水硬铝石78、云母8.17、高岭石7.80、赤铁矿2.40、磁铁矿1.00、
锐钛矿1.64等遵义博州 10.00 69.40 3.69 3.64 一水硬铝石82.5、云母4.76、高岭石5.28、锐钛矿4.62、赤铁矿2.02 遵义道真* 1.66 83.90 4.27 4.68 一水硬铝石91.0、锐钛矿3.71、金红石1.14、针铁矿2.25等 广西 崇左 31.85 42.37 15.83 1.85 一水硬铝石25、叶蜡石44～49、高岭石10～15、赤铁矿5、伊利石3、长石5等 田阳 16.70 53.90 5.19 3.20 一水硬铝石63、云母26、高岭石1.13、锐钛矿7.77、赤铁矿1.55等 平果 28.30 39.30 17.20 2.85 一水硬铝石68、高岭石6.68、石英9、蛋白石3.16、赤铁矿4.53、锐钛矿2.42、三水铝石5.43等 德保 11.60 51.50 18.17 3.96 一水硬铝石80、石英11、赤铁矿5、锐钛矿2、高岭石2等 贵港 15.04 30.79 30.17 2.02 三水铝石30～35、一水软铝石10～15、针铁矿15～20、赤铁矿10～15、
石英5～10、高岭石5、伊利石3、锐钛矿2等*该矿为未开发利用矿床，分析采样样品为露头矿体。 
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表 2 高铝矾土熟料理化指标
Table 2. Physical and chemical indexes of bauxite clinker
/% 代号 化学成分质量分数 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 CaO+ MgO K2O+Na2O GL90 ≥89.5 ≤1.5 ≤4.0 ≤0.35 ≤0.35 GL88A ≥87.5 ≤1.6 ≤4.0 ≤0.4 ≤0.4 GL88B ≥87.5 ≤2.0 ≤4.0 ≤0.4 ≤0.4 GL85A ≥85 ≤1.8 ≤4.0 ≤0.4 ≤0.4 GL85B ≥85 ≤2.0 ≤4.0 ≤0.4 ≤0.4 GL80 ＞80 ≤2.0 ≤4.0 ≤0.5 ≤0.5 GL70 70~80 ≤2.0 − ≤0.6 ≤0.6 GL60 60~70 ≤0 − ≤0.6 ≤0.6 GL50 50~60 ≤2.5 − ≤0.6 ≤0.6
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表 3 中铝河南分公司中州铝厂烧结法与拜耳法赤泥化学分析结果
Table 3. Chemical analysis results of sintered and Bayer red mud at Zhongzhou Aluminum Plant of CHALCO Henan Branch
/% 样品名称 Al2O3 SiO2 CaO Na2O Fe2O3 TiO2 烧结法赤泥 20.10 17.80 10.30 8.58 27.70 3.70 拜耳法赤泥 10.2 20.1 39.01 3.41 10.40 3.05 选矿拜耳法尾矿 43.30 30.40 0.55 0.32 10.00 2.69
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