锂辉石晶体结构及浮选药剂作用机理综述

王萍; 刘建; 郝佳美; 秦晓艳; 高虎林; 李达; 代龙富

doi:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2023.02.001

锂辉石晶体结构及浮选药剂作用机理综述

1.
昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，云南昆明 650093

2.
复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室，云南昆明 650093

基金项目: 云南省基础研究专项重点项目 (202301AS070033)

详细信息

作者简介: 王萍（1999—），女，陕西榆林人，硕士研究生，E-mail：1197171209@qq.com

通讯作者: 刘建（1984—），男，四川广元人，博士，教授，主要从事浮选表面化学研究，E-mail：vacation2008@126.com。

中图分类号: TD955；TD923⁺.1

收稿日期: 2023-03-08

刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Crystal Structure of Spodumene and Mechanism of Flotation Reagents: A Review

1.
Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

2.
State Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources, Kunming 650093, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Jian, vacation2008@126.com

Received Date: 08 March 2023

Publish Date: 25 April 2023

摘要

摘要:
锂资源作为当前新型能源矿产备受关注。锂辉石是典型的伟晶岩型锂矿，也是提取锂的主要原料，目前主要通过浮选法对锂辉石进行分离和提纯。对锂辉石矿石性质及其浮选药剂展开系统评述，介绍了锂辉石晶体结构和表面特性以及锂辉石浮选捕收剂、活化剂和抑制剂的作用机理。锂辉石碎磨后通过表面暴露出的Li⁺和Al³⁺与捕收剂发生吸附反应，金属离子活化剂Fe³⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺主要通过增加锂辉石表面的捕收剂吸附位点来促进锂辉石浮选，而抑制剂主要通过阻碍矿物表面捕收剂的吸附或在矿物表面形成亲水性沉淀来达到浮选分离效果。通过分析前人对锂辉石浮选药剂作用机理研究成果，以期能够为锂资源的高效利用提供支撑，并对锂辉石浮选的未来发展方向进行了展望，为新型药剂的开发提供新思路。
- 锂辉石 /
- 晶体结构 /
- 捕收剂 /
- 调整剂 /
- 浮选
Abstract:
As one of new energy mineral, lithium resources have attracted much attention. Spodumene ore is a typical pegmatite lithium ore, serves as the primary source for lithium extraction. Currently, flotation is the predominant method employed for the separation and purification of spodumene. In this paper, the properties of spodumene and its flotation reagents are systematically reviewed, focusing on the crystal structure and surface properties, as well as the action mechanisms of collectors, activators and depressants for spodumene flotation. The exposed Li⁺ and Al³⁺ on spodumene surface after comminution are responsible for the adsorption of collectors, and metal ion activators such as Fe³⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ enhance spodumene flotation mainly by increasing the adsorption sites of collectors. While depressants achieve flotation separation by hindering the adsorption of collectors on mineral surface and form hydrophilic precipitation on the mineral surface. This review aims to provide a valuable theoretical support for the efficient utilization of lithium resources by analyzing the previous researches on the flotation mechanism of spodumene. Additionally, the future directions for spodumene flotation are proposed, which provides a new idea for the development of new flotation reagents.
- spodumene ore /
- crystal structure /
- collector /
- regulator /
- flotation

HTML全文

图 1 锂辉石晶体结构

Figure 1.

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图 2 锂辉石晶体结构切面图：（a）（110）切面；（b）（001）切面

Figure 2.

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表 1 锂辉石晶体中各原子间化学键的Mulliken布居及键长

Table 1. Mulliken population and bond length of chemical bonds between atoms in spodumene crystal

键种类	布居值	键长/nm
Si−O	0.52～0.70	1.594～1.651
Al−O	0.28～0.42	1.836～2.040
Li−O	−0.04～0.01	2.107～2.308

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表 2 锂辉石常用捕收剂作用机理

Table 2. Action mechanism of common collectors for spodumene

捕收剂类型	药剂	主要官能团	最佳pH范围	作用机理	特点
单一捕收剂	油酸钠	油酸根离子	7.0～8.8	油酸根离子与锂辉石表面的Al³⁺发生化学作用	选择性好，捕收能力弱
	十二胺	RNH₃⁺、RNH₂·RNH₃⁺	2～12	阳离子通过静电力吸附在锂辉石表面	捕收能力好，选择性差
	螯合捕收剂	−COOH、−SO₃H、=N−OH、−NH₂、−C=O、−OH	7～9	与锂辉石表面金属原子发生配位，生成稳定螯合物	选择性和浮选性好，价格昂贵
	两性捕收剂	−COOH和−NH₂	6～9	同时含阴离子和阳离子活性基团结构，强化捕收性能	具有良好的水溶性和抗低温性，选择性好
组合捕收剂	油酸钠和十二胺组合捕收剂	油酸根离子和RNH₃⁺、RNH₂·RNH₃⁺	8～9	通过油酸钠的化学吸附和十二胺的静电吸附共同作用于锂辉石表面	选择性和捕收能力好
	油酸钠和脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠阴离子组合捕收剂	油酸根离子和磺酸根	7～9	脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠加强了油酸钠在锂辉石表面的吸附
	油酸钠和十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺组合捕收剂	油酸根离子和酰亚胺基团	7～9	十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺通过烃链间范德华力或氢键作用促进油酸钠在矿浆中的溶解和分散

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表 3 锂辉石常用金属离子活化作用机理

Table 3. Activation mechanism of metal ions used in spodumene floation

金属离子	作用机理	最佳pH范围
Fe³⁺	Fe³⁺在锂辉石双电层的内层形成了化学吸附	6～8
Ca²⁺	最佳pH范围内，活化锂辉石的主要成分为Ca(OH)₂	11～13
Mg²⁺	Mg²⁺在矿浆中形成的羟基络合物MgOH⁺起活化作用	6～8
Pb²⁺	Pb²⁺改变了捕收剂在锂辉石表面的吸附方式^[33]	7～9
Al³⁺	Al³⁺改变了锂辉石表面的Al位点^[33]	7～9

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