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摘要:
近年来锂资源需求不断加大，锂云母作为锂资源的关键补充来源，对其浮选研究日趋重要。矿石中锂云母常与方解石、白云母、长石和石英等矿物共生，分选难度较大。因此，在分析锂云母矿物性质的基础上，综述了其浮选捕收剂和抑制剂研究进展。目前锂云母捕收剂主要有胺类阳离子捕收剂（伯胺、仲胺、季铵盐、醚胺和双子星胺类）以及将胺类阳离子捕收剂和阴离子捕收剂按照一定比例混合的组合捕收剂；锂云母浮选抑制剂主要针对常见钙质、硅质脉石体系开展调控，主要有水玻璃、六偏磷酸钠等无机抑制剂，草酸、单宁和木质素类等有机抑制剂以及组合抑制剂。指出合成新型锂云母捕收剂、组合捕收剂在锂云母/水界面吸附基础研究、组合无机与有机抑制剂抑制钙质、硅质脉石及其作用机制三大方面是未来锂云母浮选领域的研究重点。
Abstract:With the increasing demand for lithium resources in recent years, the flotation research of lepidolite becomes more and more important as it is a key supplementary source of lithium resources. However, lepidolite usually coexists with gangue minerals such as calcite, muscovite, feldspar and quartz, which makes it difficult to separate them. Herein, based on the analysis of the crystal properties of lepidolite, this review highlights recent research progress in flotation collectors and depressants of lepidolite. At present, the main flotation collectors of lepidolite mainly include amine cationic collectors (primary amine, secondary amine, quaternary ammonium salt, ether amine and Gemini), the combination of amine cationic collectors and anionic collectors in a certain proportion. Flotation depressants mainly aim at the Si-containing and Ca-containing gangue minerals, which could be divided into inorganics (water glass, sodium hexametaphosphate and so on), organics (oxalic acid, tannin and lignin) and combined depressants. It is pointed out that the future research focus in the field of lepidolite flotation is mainly on the following three points: (1) the synthesis of novel lepidolite collectors; (2) basic research on the adsorption mechanism of mixed cationic/anionic collectors at the lepidolite/water interface; (3) the combination of the inorganic and organic depressants for the inhibition of calcareous and siliceous gangues and the correlated mechanisms.
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Key words:
- lepidolite /
- flotation /
- collectors /
- depressants
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