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摘要:
利用尾矿制备发泡陶瓷是尾矿高值化利用途径之一，但烧结参数和尾矿成分组成对钽铌尾矿基发泡陶瓷抗压强度的影响尚不清楚。为此，以钽铌尾矿为主要原料、高岭土(28%)和钠长石(12%)为辅助材料、碳化硅（SiC）为发泡剂，采用直接发泡法制备了钽铌尾矿基发泡陶瓷，研究了烧结温度、保温时间、SiC掺量和尾矿加入量对发泡陶瓷抗压强度的影响。结果表明，随着保温时间和烧结温度的增加，发泡陶瓷的抗压强度均呈减小的趋势；同时，抗压强度随着尾矿加入量的增加而增加，随着SiC掺量的增大钽铌尾矿基发泡陶瓷的抗压强度先减小后增大。机理分析表明，孔隙结构变化是导致其抗压强度改变的主要因素。在烧结温度为1150 ℃、保温时间为40 min、尾矿加入量为65%、SiC掺量为0.5%条件下，制备的发泡陶瓷抗压强度和孔隙率分别为9.94 MPa和67.16%。本研究为钽铌尾矿制备高强度发泡陶瓷提供了理论依据。
Abstract:The preparation of foamed ceramics from tailings is one of the high value utilization ways. Unfortunately, the influences of sintering parameters and raw composition on the compressive strength of tantalum-niobium tailings-based foamed ceramics are still obscure. In this paper, tantalum-niobium tailings-based foamed ceramics were prepared by direct foaming method with tantalum-niobium tailings as the main raw material, kaolin(28%) and albite(12%) as auxiliary materials, and silicon carbide (SiC) as the foaming agent. The influence of sintering temperature, holding time, SiC content and tailings addition amount on the compressive strength of the foamed ceramics were investigated. The results showed that with increasing holding time and sintering temperature, the compressive strength of foamed ceramics decreases. Furthermore, the compressive strength of tantalum-niobium tailings-based foamed ceramics with the increase of SiC content, first decreased and then increased. Further analysis of the influencing mechanism indicated that the change of pore structure was the main factor leading to the change of compressive strength.The compressive strength and porosity of the foamed ceramic prepared under the conditions of sintering temperature of 1150 ℃, holding time of 40 min, tailings addition amount of 65%, and SiC content of 0.5% are 9.94 MPa and 67.16% respectively.This paper provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of high-strength foamed ceramics from tantalum-niobium tailings.
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Key words:
- tantalum niobium tailings /
- foam ceramics /
- compressive strength
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表 1 钽铌尾矿、高岭土和钠长石的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of tantalum niobium tailings, kaolin and albite
/% 原料 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO K2O Na2O CaO 其他 钽铌尾矿 71.60 16.45 0.13 0.03 2.20 6.60 0.19 2.80 高岭土 55.70 42.50 0.80 − − − − 1.0 钠长石 70.26 17.80 0.06 0.12 0.87 9.50 − 1.39 
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表 2 发泡陶瓷的原料组成和烧结条件
Table 2. Chemical composition of raw materials and sintering conditions of foam ceramics
影响因素 原料组成/% 烧结条件 钽铌
尾矿高岭土 钠长石 SiC 温度/℃ 保温
时间/minSiC掺量 60 28 12 0.1 1150 40 60 28 12 0.3 1150 40 60 28 12 0.5 1150 40 60 28 12 0.7 1150 40 60 28 12 1 1150 40 烧结温度 60 28 12 0.5 1110 40 60 28 12 0.5 1130 40 60 28 12 0.5 1150 40 60 28 12 0.5 1170 40 60 28 12 0.5 1200 40 保温时间 60 28 12 0.5 1150 20 60 28 12 0.5 1150 30 60 28 12 0.5 1150 40 60 28 12 0.5 1150 50 60 28 12 0.5 1150 60 钽铌尾矿加入量 60 28 12 0.5 1150 40 65 28 12 0.5 1150 40 70 28 12 0.5 1150 40 75 28 12 0.5 1150 40 80 28 12 0.5 1150 40
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