金属矿山充填体强度需求发展现状与展望

卢宏建; 夏传祥; 武立彬; 牟超; 刘志义

doi:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2024.02.001

金属矿山充填体强度需求发展现状与展望

1.
华北理工大学矿业工程学院，唐山河北 063210

2.
双鸭山市建龙矿业有限公司，黑龙江双鸭山 155199

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（52204134）；河北省自然科学基金项目（E2021209006）；河北省中央引导地方科技专项项目（236Z4105G）

详细信息

作者简介: 卢宏建（1980—），男，博士，教授，主要从事金属矿山充填开采、矿山采动岩石力学方向教学与研究工作；E-mail：luhongjian@ncst.edu.cn

通讯作者: 夏传祥(1998—)，男，河南信阳人，硕士研究生，研究方向为采矿工艺理论与技术；E-mail：1765902958@qq.com。

中图分类号: TD853.34

收稿日期: 2024-03-12

刊出日期: 2024-04-15

Development Status and Prospect of Strength Demand for Backfill in Metal Mines

1.
School of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China

2.
ShuangyashanJianlong Mining co., Ltd., Shuangyashan 155199, Heilongjiang, China

More Information

Corresponding author: XIA Chuanxiang, 1765902958@qq.com

Received Date: 12 March 2024

Publish Date: 15 April 2024

摘要

摘要:
矿产资源开采对国家安全和经济至关重要，随着浅部矿产资源逐渐减少，深部开采已上升为国家战略。充填采矿法因其安全性高和对地表环境影响较小等优势，已逐渐成为地下开采的首选方法。确定充填体的合理强度是解决充填采矿安全和经济平衡问题的关键，是充填采矿技术成功应用和健康发展的核心问题。论文梳理了胶凝剂、灰砂配比、充填骨料、养护环境、接触面特性等因素对充填体强度的影响规律，归纳了经验类比法、力学模型法、数值分析法、人工智能法等充填体强度设计方法，综述了充填体强度需求研究现状，提出了深部充填体强度需求计算新思路。旨在完善深部充填体强度需求计算理论，优化矿山充填体强度设计，推动深部金属矿山充填开采的研究与应用。
- 金属矿山 /
- 充填采矿 /
- 充填体强度 /
- 需求模型 /
- 影响因素 /
- 设计方法
Abstract:
The exploitation of mineral resources is vital to national security and the economy, and with the gradual decline of shallow mineral resources, deep mining has risen to the level of a national strategy. Backfill has gradually become the preferred method of underground mining due to its advantages such as high safety and low impact on the surface environment. Determining the reasonable strength of the backfill is the key to solving the problem of balancing the safety and economy of backfill mining, and it is the core issue for the successful application and healthy development of backfill mining technology. The influence of factors such as cementitious agents, lime sand ratio, backfill aggregates, curing environment, and contact surface characteristics on the backfill strength are sorted out. The backfill strength design methods such as empirical analogy, mechanical model, numerical analysis, and artificial intelligence are summarized. The current research status of backfill strength requirement are summarized, and new ideas suitable for calculating the deep backfill strength requirement is proposed. It aims to improve the calculation theory of deep backfill strength demand, optimize the backfill strength design, and promote the research and application of deep metal mine backfill mining.
- metal mine /
- backfill mining /
- backfill strength /
- demand model /
- influencing factor /
- design method

HTML全文

图 1 支持向量机结构示意图^[55]

Figure 1.

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图 2 神经网络的网络结构^[61]

Figure 2.

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图 3 不同深度充填体位移云图^[50]

Figure 3.

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图 4 有限元模型目标充填体信息提取线点布设

Figure 4.

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图 5 充填体信息网格重构

Figure 5.

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图 6 目标充填体强度需求迭代搜索计算模型和流程

Figure 6.

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表 1 矿山实际使用胶结充填体强度^[42]

Table 1. Strength of cemented backfill actually used in mine

国别	矿山	高/m	长/m	宽/m	侧向暴露面积/m²	强度/MPa
中国	凡口铅锌矿	40	35	7	1400	2.50
	金川镍矿	60	51	50	3060	2.50
	白银深部铜矿	60	50~80	20	3900	1.00~5.00
	安庆铜矿	120	40~60	15	6000	0.18~4.00
澳大利亚	芒特艾萨矿	100	40	30	4000	2.20
澳大利亚	芒特艾萨矿	40	10	30	400	0.90
加拿大	若里达矿	65	11	25	715	9.50
南非	黑山矿物公司	70	28	45	1960	7.00
芬兰	洼马拉矿	50	40~70	5−30	2000~3500	1.50
芬兰	威汉迪矿	100	60	−	6000	1.05
爱尔兰	塔拉铅锌矿	80	20~60	12.5	1600~4800	1.00~4.00

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表 2 常用理论计算公式^[46]

Table 2. Common theoretical calculation formulas

名称	公式	适用范围	注释
蔡嗣经经验公式	H²=α	用于考虑充填体高度对充填体强度的影响	H为胶结充填体的高度，m；为胶结充填体的设计强度，MPa； α为经验系数，当充填高度小于50 m时,建议取600，当充填高度大于50 m时,建议取1000
Thomas计算法	=	考虑胶结充填体与围岩壁间的摩擦力所产生的成拱作用	为充填体强度，MPa； γ为充填体容重，kN/m³； h为充填体高度，m；b为充填体宽度，m
卢平修正计算法		在Thomas计算方法的基础上考虑充填体自身的强度特性	ｋ为侧压系数，ｋ＝1-；α为充填体滑动面与水平面的夹角α＝45°＋φ/2；为充填体与围岩的黏聚力和内摩擦角；C，φ为充填体黏聚力和内摩擦角

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