磷矿中磷灰石及脉石矿物浮选表面化学研究进展

张覃; 卯松; 黄小芬; 陈傲傲; 张文彬

doi:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2024.03.001

磷矿中磷灰石及脉石矿物浮选表面化学研究进展

1.
贵州科学院，贵州贵阳 550001

2.
贵州大学，贵州贵阳 550025

3.
喀斯特地区优势矿产资源高效利用国家地方联合工程实验室，贵州贵阳 550025

4.
贵州省非金属矿产资源综合利用重点实验室，贵州贵阳 550025

5.
昆明理工大学，云南昆明 650031

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（52164018）

详细信息

作者简介: 张覃，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事难选矿石的选矿及资源综合利用领域的教学与科研工作; 张文彬，昆明理工大学教授、博士生导师，原昆明理工大学校长。长期从事铜矿及其他有色金属矿物加工领域的教学与科研工作。20世纪80年代中期，赴加拿大UBC作访问学者，回国后首次在昆明理工大学开展浮选表面化学研究工作。承担国家重大科技攻关项目、国家自然科学基金项目和省部级项目等40余项。在国内外刊物及学术会议上发表论文70余篇，出版专著和译著3部。获国家技术发明二等奖1项、省部级科技进步奖5项、国际发明展览会金奖1项、中国专利十五年成就展最佳项目奖1项；获中共中央、国务院、中央军委颁发的“庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年”纪念章；享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家，获云南省教育功勋奖及昆明市十大创新人物等荣誉。除本科教学外，培养硕士博士生数十人，为我国矿业领域培养了大批优秀人才

通讯作者: 张文彬，教授，博士生导师，主要从事铜矿及其他有色金属矿物加工领域的教学与科研工作。

中图分类号: TD91；TD971⁺.3

收稿日期: 2024-06-21

刊出日期: 2024-06-15

Research Progress in Surface Chemistry of Flotation for Apatite and Gangue Minerals in Phosphate Ore

1.
Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China

2.
Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China

3.
National & Local Joint Laboratory of Engineering for Effective Utilization of Regional Mineral Resources from Karst Areas, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China

4.
Guizhou Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Nonmetallic Mineral Resources, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China

5.
Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Wenbin

Received Date: 21 June 2024

Publish Date: 15 June 2024

摘要

摘要:
磷矿是战略性关键矿产资源。中国磷矿储量位居世界第二位，主要类型为沉积型磷块岩。由于磷块岩是由外生作用形成、由隐晶质或显微隐晶质磷灰石及其它脉石矿物组成的堆积体，并且磷灰石与脉石矿物的表面润湿性、表面电性、表面吸附等表面性质相近，使得浮选分离难度大。浮选表面化学是磷矿浮选的重要理论基础，是实现不同矿物之间选择性分离的关键。综述了磷矿石中主要有用矿物磷灰石和主要脉石矿物白云石、石英的晶体化学特征，以及磷灰石与脉石矿物表面润湿性、表面电性、表面吸附等表面性质。讨论了不同浮选药剂作用下矿物表面润湿性的变化特征、矿物在水溶液中的双电层结构、矿物表面的活性位点与捕收剂作用的吸附构型。在此基础上，总结了难免离子对磷灰石与脉石矿物浮选行为的影响，为中低品位磷矿石的浮选分离提供理论支撑。
- 磷灰石 /
- 白云石 /
- 石英 /
- 浮选表面化学 /
- 晶体化学特征 /
- 表面性质 /
- 难免离子
Abstract:
Phosphate ore is a strategic key mineral resource. China's phosphate ore reserves rank second in the world, mainly consisting of sedimentary phosphate rocks. Due to the fact that phosphate rock is an accumulation formed by exogenesis, composed of cryptocrystalline or microcrystalline apatite and other gangue minerals, and the surface wettability, surface electrical properties, and surface adsorption of apatite and gangue minerals are similar, making flotation separation difficult. Surface chemistry of flotation is an important theoretical basis for the flotation of phosphate ores and the key to achieving selective separation between different minerals. This article provides an overview of the crystal chemical characteristics and the surface characteristics such as the surface wettability, the electrical properties, and adsorption characteristics of the main useful minerals in phosphate rock, including apatite and main gangue minerals such as dolomite and quartz. It also discussed the changing characteristics of surface wettability under different flotation agents, the double layer structure of minerals in aqueous solutions, the active sites on mineral surfaces, and the adsorption configuration of collectors. On this basis, the influence of unavoidable ions on the flotation behavior of apatite and gangue minerals was summarized. It is expected to provide the theoretical support for the flotation separation of Medium−low grade phosphate ore.
- apatite /
- dolomite /
- quartz /
- flotation surface chemistry /
- crystal chemical characteristics /
- surface properties /
- unavoidable ions

HTML全文

图 1 矿物晶体结构模型（a—氟磷灰石；b—白云石；c—石英）^[31]

Figure 1.

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图 2 颗粒表面水化膜示意图（1—固体颗粒；2—水化膜；3—体相水）^[51]

Figure 2.

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图 3 磷灰石在水溶液的双电层结构示意图^[61]

Figure 3.

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图 4 白云石在水溶液的双电层结构示意图^[61]

Figure 4.

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图 5 石英在水溶液中的双电层结构示意图^[59]

Figure 5.

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图 6 氟磷灰石表面捕收剂吸附构型^[72]

Figure 6.

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图 7 白云石表面捕收剂不同吸附构型^[72]

Figure 7.

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图 8 抑制剂在磷灰石和白云石表面选择性吸附模型^[57]

Figure 8.

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图 9 金属离子对磷矿浮选的影响（a—Ca²⁺降低白云石可浮性的作用机理^[93]；b—Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和捕收剂在白云石表面的吸附构型^[94]）

Figure 9.

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图 10 阴离子对磷矿浮选的影响（a—SO₄²⁻和H₂PO₄⁻在磷灰石/白云石表面吸附构型^[79]；b—F⁻降低白云石可浮性的作用机理^[100]）

Figure 10.

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磷矿中磷灰石及脉石矿物浮选表面化学研究进展

通讯作者: 张文彬，教授，博士生导师，主要从事铜矿及其他有色金属矿物加工领域的教学与科研工作。

Research Progress in Surface Chemistry of Flotation for Apatite and Gangue Minerals in Phosphate Ore

Corresponding author: ZHANG Wenbin

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