微细粒矿物絮凝浮选研究进展

吴宇; 张英; 李小康; 管侦皓; 何青瑞

doi:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2024.03.002

微细粒矿物絮凝浮选研究进展

1.
昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，云南昆明 650093

2.
昆明理工大学省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室，云南昆明 650093

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金地区项目（52164022）

详细信息

作者简介: 吴宇（1998—），女，贵州遵义人，硕士研究生，研究方向为浮选理论与工艺，E-mail：wy1478571@163.com; 张英（1984—），女，四川内江人，博士，副教授，主要从事浮选理论与工艺方面的教学与研究工作。在Applied Surface Science、Minerals Engineering和矿产保护与利用等国内外核心期刊发表学术论文20余篇，代表性专利3项。主持和参与国家自然科学基金项目、科技厅重大专项课题（昆工）、省级人培项目和横向科研项目等多项。代表性获奖有中国有色金属工业科学技术奖一等奖和红云园丁优秀教师。作为核心成员入选云南省创新团队、云南省研究生导师团队，兼任多个期刊评审专家

通讯作者: 张英（1984—），女，四川内江人，博士，副教授，主要从事浮选理论与工艺方面的研究工作，E-mail：zhyingcsu@163.com。

中图分类号: TD923⁺.3

收稿日期: 2024-04-19

刊出日期: 2024-06-15

Advancements in Studying the Flocculation Flotation of Fine Minerals

1.
Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

2.
State Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Complex Non−Ferrous Metal Resources, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Ying, zhyingcsu@163.com

Received Date: 19 April 2024

Publish Date: 15 June 2024

摘要

摘要:
我国矿产资源的特点为贫、细、杂，所以微细粒矿物的高效回收利用尤为重要。浮选作为主要分离技术，从流体动力学和表面化学两个变量分析了微细粒矿物浮选过程中的难点。微细粒矿物具有质量小、比表面积大、表面能高等特性，导致疏水性矿粒在浮选中沿着流体流线运动，与气泡的碰撞概率和附着概率低。絮凝浮选通过增加矿物颗粒的表观粒径，降低微细粒矿物因自身基本特性带来的负面影响，是微细粒矿物经济回收的重要方向。详细阐述了絮凝浮选理论进展和影响絮凝过程的主要因素，以及剪切絮凝和选择性絮凝浮选的技术进展；全面描述了无机絮凝剂、有机絮凝剂和微生物絮凝剂等的絮凝性能及在絮凝浮选中的应用，为深入了解絮凝浮选这一复杂的过程提供了借鉴。
- 微细粒矿物 /
- 絮凝浮选 /
- 絮凝剂 /
- 吸附机理
Abstract:
The characteristics of mineral resources in our country are scarcity, fineness, and complexity, making the efficient recovery of fine particles particularly crucial. Flotation, as the main separation technology, analyzes the challenges in the flotation process of fine particles from the perspectives of fluid dynamics and surface chemistry. Fine particles, characterized by small mass, large specific surface area, and high surface energy, result in hydrophobic mineral grains moving along fluid streamlines during flotation, with low collision and attachment probabilities with air bubbles. Flocculation flotation, by increasing the apparent particle size of mineral particles, reduces the negative effects brought by the inherent characteristics of fine particles, serving as a significant direction for economically recovering fine particles. The paragraph comprehensively describes the advances in flocculation flotation theory, key factors influencing the process, and developments in shear flocculation and selective flocculation flotation. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation into the flocculation performance of inorganic, organic, and microbial flocculants, along with their applications in flocculation flotation. It serves as a reference for gaining a detailed understanding of the intricate process of flocculation flotation.
- fine particle /
- flocculation flotation /
- flocculant /
- adsorption mechanism

HTML全文

图 1 颗粒−气泡碰撞、附着和分离的示意图（红线代表粒子轨迹，而黑线代表流体流线）^[7]

Figure 1.

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图 2 絮凝过程电荷中和（a）、金属离子桥接（b）、桥联（c）絮凝^[15]

Figure 2.

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图 3 多糖的结构（a）和PS片段在菱铁矿（b）和赤铁矿（c）上的吸附模型^[55]

Figure 3.

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图 4 PS在菱铁矿（a）、赤铁矿（b）和石英（c）上的吸附构型（红色—O；灰色—C；紫色—Fe；黄色—Si；蓝色—水）^[55]

Figure 4.

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图 5 细菌细胞附着在矿物表面^[58]

Figure 5.

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表 1 微细粒矿物的物理化学性质与浮选特性^[13]

Table 1. Relationship between physical and chemical properties of fine minerals and their behavior in flotation^[13]

物理化学性质		浮选特性
质量小	低动量	高夹带
质量小	高吸附性	高试剂消耗
高比表面积高表面能	高电荷	非特异性吸附
		快速氧化
		高表面积溶解度

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表 2 絮凝特性和影响因素^[14]

Table 2. Characteristics and parameters of flocculation flotation^[14]

特性	影响因素
聚合物特性	分子量、链长、电荷密度和官能团
悬浮液特性	悬浮液中的粒径、表面电荷、固体浓度、pH值、化学物质和离子
絮凝剂溶液特性	溶液浓度、絮凝剂添加方式和溶液温度
剪切作用下絮凝体的产生、破裂和再生	剪切速率、剪切时间

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