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摘要:
闪锌矿与黄铁矿在低碱条件下的浮选分离一直是选矿领域的热点与难点。传统的锌硫分离方法通常需要在添加石灰的高碱环境下进行，但是大量使用石灰会造成管道堵塞、后续金属矿物活化困难等问题，因此无碱或低碱条件下的锌硫分离浮选药剂的选择尤为重要。综述了锌硫分离浮选药剂的研究进展，介绍了低碱抑制剂（有机抑制剂、无机抑制剂和新型抑制剂）和低碱选择性捕收剂（黄药类、阳离子捕收剂、组合捕收剂和新型捕收剂）的种类以及它们的分选机理，总结了各类低碱浮选药剂的优缺点，并探讨了在低碱环境下分离闪锌矿和黄铁矿所用浮选药剂的研究方向。
Abstract:The separation of sphalerite and pyrite through flotation under low alkali conditions presents a challenging and significant issue within the realm of mineral processing. Conventional methods for separating zinc and sulfur typically require a high−alkali lime environment. Nevertheless, the excessive use of lime can lead to complications such as pipeline obstructions and hinder the activation of metal minerals in subsequent processes.Hence, the careful selection of flotation reagents for zinc−sulfur separation under alkali−free or low−alkali conditions is of paramount importance. The research progress of flotation reagents for zinc−sulfur separation is reviewed.The types of low−alkali inhibitors and low−alkali selective collectors and their separation mechanisms are introduced. The low−alkaline inhibitors encompass organic, inorganic, and novel inhibitors, whereas the low−alkaline selective collectors include xanthates, cationic collectors, combination collectors, and innovative collectors. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of low−alkaline flotation agents are summarized, along with a discussion on the research directions of flotation agents utilized for separating sphalerite and pyrite in a low−alkaline environment.
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Key words:
- zinc−sulfur separation /
- low alkalinity /
- pyrite /
- sphalerite /
- inhibitor /
- collector
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图 3 (a) MIBC与pH值、(b) NaHA用量、(c) 加NaHA后的pH值、(d) CaO存在下NaHA用量对黄铁矿和闪锌矿浮选回收率影响的函数图[22]
Figure 3.
表 1 锌硫分离中低碱抑制剂的种类及其作用机理
Table 1. Types and mechanism of low−alkali inhibitors in zinc−sulfur separation
种类 亚类 药剂名称 pH值 作用机理 多糖类 糊精、淀粉 4.0~9.0 通过化学或物理吸附作用在矿物表面，
在黄铁矿表面形成亲水性薄膜或覆盖其活性位点腐殖酸类 腐殖酸钠、腐殖酸铵 6.0~12.0 极性基吸附在矿物表面，与捕收剂产生竞争吸附 有机抑制剂 有机酸类 鞣酸、水杨酸、乳酸 8.0 亲水基团与矿物表面的金属离子作用，形成配合物
吸附于矿物表面，或利用化学吸附改性聚合物 聚丙烯酰胺、木质素、 6.0~10.0 聚合物与矿物表面有多种作用形式：静电、氢键、
化学和物理的相互作用含硫抑制剂 二硫代碳酸乙酸二钠、
二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠7.0~10.0 依赖特定的亲固基吸附于矿物表面，
并且消除矿浆中的活化离子，来达到对矿物的抑制氰化物 氰化钠 8.5~9.5 CN−强烈抑制捕收剂在黄铁矿表面作用，
同时消除活化离子无机抑制剂 硫氧化物 亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、
二氧化硫以及硫化物7.0~9.0 通过SO32−离子对黄铁矿表面的交互作用，降低Eh，
阻碍双黄药的生成氧化剂类 Ca(ClO)2、NaClO、H2O2 8.0 调整矿浆电位，在氧化气氛下使黄铁矿表面形成
氢氧化铁和硫酸盐等物质
新型抑制剂
Kg−1、HD12、HQD52、HS−1
7.0~10.0
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