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摘要:
为掌握逐孔起爆孔间延期时间对爆破破岩效果的影响规律，采用数值模拟手段，以某矿山灰岩为例，建立了双孔爆破数值模型，并标定了灰岩RHT本构模型的34个参数。模拟结果表明：逐孔起爆时，应力增强现象随着延期时间的增大而增大，但当Δt由0增大到80 μs时，孔间叠加产生的应力增强可以忽略不计；先爆孔的裂纹扩展面积随着延期时间的增加而增大，后爆孔的裂纹扩展面积随着延期时间的减小而减小，孔间裂纹扩展的宽度随着延期时间的增加而增大。研究成果为数码雷管精确延时性能的推广应用提供了设计依据。
Abstract:In order to understand the influence of the delay time between holes on the rock breaking effect of different rocks, a numerical model of double−hole blasting was established by means of numerical simulation using limestone from a mine as an example, and 34 parameters of the RHT constitutive model of limestone were calibrated. The simulation results showed that the stress enhancement phenomenon increased with the increase of delay time, but when Δt increased to 80 μs, the stress enhancement caused by the superposition between holes can be ignored. The crack propagation area of the pre−blasting hole increased with the increase of the delay time, the crack propagation area of the post−blasting hole decreased with the decrease of the delay time, and the width of the crack propagation between the holes increased with the increase of the delay time. The research results provide a design basis for the popularization and application of the precise delay performance of digital detonators.
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表 1 灰岩静力学参数
Table 1. Limestone statics parameters
岩性 密度
/(g∙cm−3)单轴抗压
强度/MPa抗拉
强度/MPa剪切模量
/GPa泊松比 纵波波速
/(m∙s−1)灰岩 2.68 59.89 3.34 16.21 0.3 3698 
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表 2 不同围压下岩石力学参数
Table 2. Rock mechanics parameters under different confining pressures
0.00 59.89 0.33 1.00 20.00 199.82 1.33 3.00 40.00 287.15 2.04 4.13 60.00 359.71 2.67 5.00 80.00 424.35 3.25 5.75
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表 3 灰岩RHT参数
Table 3. RHT parameters of limestone
参数名称 参数值 参数名称 参数值 初始密度 
/ (g·cm−3)2.68 压缩屈服面参数 
0.7 单轴抗压强度fc/MPa 59.89 剪切模量缩减系数XI 0.55 抗压强度比 
0.055769 失效面参数A 2.55713 剪压强度比 
0.18 失效面指数N 0.70136 剪切模量G/GPa 0.16 拉压子午比参数Q0 0.68 初始孔隙度 
1.0 罗德角相关系数B 0.05 孔隙开始压碎时压力 
/MPa39.93 压缩应变率指数 
0.02 孔隙完全压碎时压力 
/MPa0.06 拉伸应变率指数 
0.025 孔隙度指数 
3 参考压缩应变率 
/s−13.00E−05 Hugonoit多项式参数A1/GPa 36.65 参考拉伸应变率 
/s−13.00E−06 Hugonoit多项式参数A2/GPa 32.98 失效压缩应变率 
/s−13.00E+25 Hugonoit多项式参数A3/GPa 3.39 失效拉伸应变率 
/s−13.00E+25 状态方程参数B0 0.9 损伤参数D1 0.04 状态方程参数B1 0.9 损伤指数D2 1 状态方程参数T1/GPa 36.65 最小失效应变 
0.01 状态方程参数T2 0 残余应力强度参数Af 0.25 压缩屈服面参数 
0.8 残余应力强度指数Nf 0.62
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表 4 炸药材料及状态方程参数
Table 4. Explosive materials and state equation parameters
ρ/(g·cm−3) D/(m·s−1) A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω 1.3 4500 214.4 0.182 4.2 0.9 0.15
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