Effect of Delay Time on Attenuation Law of Blasting Vibration in Hole−by−hole Presplitting
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摘要:
为了获得逐孔预裂爆破的最优延期时间，基于Ansys/LS−Dyna有限元软件，结合现场实验研究了不同延期时间下逐孔预裂爆破的振动衰减规律，为实际工程应用提供了理论依据。结果表明：与齐发起爆相比，逐孔起爆可以有效地降低质点峰值振动速度（PPV），特别是预裂沟附近区域；随着延期时间的增大，萨道夫斯基公式的K值逐渐减小，而α值变化不大，当延期时间大于0.6T（T为单孔爆破振动持续时间）时，K与α的值趋于稳定，接近于单孔爆破；校正系数β与延期时间成反比，最优延期时间应为0.6T~1.0T；逐孔预裂成缝后对主爆区的减振率大于齐发预裂爆破。
Abstract:To obtain the optimal delay time of hole−by−hole pre−splitting blasting, based on Ansys / LS−Dyna finite element software, combined with field experiments, this paper studies the vibration attenuation law of hole−by−hole pre−splitting blasting under different delay time, which provides a theoretical basis for practical engineering application. The results showed that compared with the simultaneous initiation, the hole−by−hole initiation effectively reduced the peak particle vibration velocity (PPV), especially in the area near the pre−split trench. As the delay time increased, the K value of the Sadaovsk formula gradually decreased, while the α value did not change much. When the delay time was greater than 0.6T (T was the duration of single−hole blasting vibration), the values of K and α tended to be stable and close to single−hole blasting. The correction coefficient β was inversely proportional to the delay time, and the optimal delay time should be 0.6 T~1.0 T; the vibration reduction rate of the main blasting area after hole−by−hole pre−splitting was greater than that of the simultaneous pre−splitting blasting.
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Key words:
- pre−splitting blasting /
- hole−by−hole blasting /
- delay time /
- blasting vibration /
- numerical simulation
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表 1 岩石材料及状态方程参数
Table 1. Rock material and equation of state parameters
参数名称 数值 参数名称 数值 密度R0/(g·cm−3) 2.6 损伤参数EFmin 0.01 单轴抗压强度fc/MPa 154 压力参数Pcrush/MPa 51 单轴抗拉强度T/MPa 12.2 压力参数μcrush 0.00162 剪切模量G/GPa 28.7 压力参数Plock/GPa 1.2 强度参数A 0.28 压力参数μlock 0.012 强度参数B 2.5 压力参数K1/GPa 12 强度参数C 0.00186 压力参数K2/GPa 25 强度参数N 0.79 压力参数K3/GPa 42 强度参数Smax 5.0 软件参数 
1.0000×10−11 损伤参数D1 0.04 软件参数FS 0.035 损伤参数D2 1.0 
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表 2 炸药材料及状态方程参数
Table 2. Explosive materials and state equation parameters
参数名称 数值 参数名称 数值 密度ρ/(g·cm−3) 1.3 炸药常数ω 0.15 爆速D/(m·s−1) 4500 炸药常数R1 4.2 爆轰压力Pj/GPa 9.53 炸药常数R2 0.9 炸药常数A/GPa 214.4 初始体积内能E0/(GJ·m−3) 3.87 炸药常数B/GPa 0.182 相对体积V0 1.0
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表 3 空气状态方程参数
Table 3. Air state equation parameters
参数名称 数值 参数名称 数值 密度ρ/(kg·m−3) 1.29 常量C4 0.4 常量C0/MPa −1×10−6 常量C5 0.4 常量C1 0.0 常量C6 0.0 常量C2 0.0 单位体积内能E0/(MJ·m−3) 2.5×10−6 常量C3 0.0 相对体积V0 1.0
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表 4 炸药材料及状态方程参数
Table 4. Explosive materials and state equation parameters
ρ/(g·cm−3) D/(m·s−1) A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω 1.3 4500 214.4 0.182 4.2 0.9 0.15
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表 5 水平径向PPV拟合公式
Table 5. Horizontal radial PPV fitting formula
延期时间 公式 单孔 
Δt=0 ms 
Δt=1 ms 
Δt=3 ms 
Δt=6 ms 
Δt=10 ms 
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表 6 主爆区爆破参数
Table 6. Blasting parameters of main blasting area
序号 技术名称 单位 数量 备注 1 钻孔直径 mm 140 2 底盘抵抗线 m 4 3 工作台阶高度 m 10 4 孔间距 m 4 5 孔排距 m 4 6 超深 m 2 7 钻孔深度 m 10 8 布孔方式 梅花形 9 钻孔角度 ° 90 垂直孔 10 钻孔排数 排 4 11 装药结构 连续装药 12 线装药密度 kg/m 10.1 13 总孔深 m 1400 14 孔口充填高度 m >3.0 15 平均单孔装药量 kg/孔 56.9 16 总孔数 个 130
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表 7 预裂爆破区域爆破参数
Table 7. Blasting parameters of pre−splitting blasting area
序号 参数名称 单位 数值 备注 1 预裂孔孔径 mm 115 2 不耦合系数 3.59 3 孔距 m 1.2 4 孔深 m 10 5 超深 m 2 6 总孔深 m 12 7 钻孔角度 ° 90 8 填塞长度 m 3 9 线装药密度 kg/m 0.9 10 单孔装药量 kg 9 2卷Φ90+24卷Φ32 11 装药结构 线性连续装药 12 总孔数 20 10个齐发预裂孔，
10个逐孔预裂孔
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表 8 测振仪所测PPV数据
Table 8. Data measured by vibrometer
/(cm·s−1) 测点方向 1号测点 2号测点 3号测点 4号测点 5号测点 X 3.28 0.91 0.43 0.28 0.15 Y 3.73 1.78 0.67 0.40 0.28 Z 7.33 1.57 0.78 0.49 0.34
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表 9 1号和5号数据对比
Table 9. Comparison of No.1 and No.5 data
测点 方向 爆心距/m 计算爆破振动
/(cm·s−1)实测爆破振动
/(cm·s−1)减振率
/%1号 X 14 16.45 12.145 26 Y 14 14.58 13.409 8 Z 14 15.5 15.010 3 5号 X 14 16.45 5.772 65 Y 14 14.58 3.168 78 Z 14 15.5 8.636 44
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