某煤矿深部软岩巷道围岩破坏特征及控制技术研究

李鹏; 姜关照; 李红

doi:10.13779/j.cnki.issn1001-0076.2024.04.007

某煤矿深部软岩巷道围岩破坏特征及控制技术研究

1.
潞安化工集团古城煤矿，山西长治 046000

2.
昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，云南昆明 650031

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（52074121）；山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目（2022TSG2077）

详细信息

作者简介: 李鹏(1983—)，男，安徽砀山人，硕士，工程师，主要从事岩石力学与支护方面等研究，E-mail：lp2020222@qq.com; 姜关照，男，1993年出生，博士，讲师。2015年毕业于山东理工大学，获采矿工程学士学位；2022年毕业于北京科技大学，获采矿工程博士学位。主要从事金属矿膏体充填、绿色采矿、工业固废综合利用的研究。参与国家重点研发计划项目1项，国家自然科学基金项目3项。发表4篇SCI，多篇中文核心期刊论文

通讯作者: 姜关照（1993—），男，江苏徐州人，博士，讲师，主要从事金属矿膏体充填、绿色采矿等研究，E-mail：jgz_jsxz@163.com。

中图分类号: TD353

收稿日期: 2024-04-18

刊出日期: 2024-08-15

Study on Failure Characteristics and Control Technology of Surrounding Rock in Deep Soft Rock Roadway of A Coal Mine

1.
Lu 'an Chemical Group Gucheng Coal Mine, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China

2.
Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, China

More Information

Corresponding author: JIANG Guanzhao, jgz_jsxz@163.com

Received Date: 18 April 2024

Publish Date: 15 August 2024

摘要

摘要:
深部矿产资源开发面临地应力大、巷道支护困难等问题。山西某煤矿−590 m水平运输平巷支护结构失效，巷道变形量大，对井下安全生产造成了较大的影响。针对原支护方案存在的问题，提出“锚网索一体化”支护思路，综合采用现场测试、数值模拟、工业实验等手段研究了巷道围岩破坏特征及控制技术。研究表明：（1）巷道围岩水平主应力较高，达到了39.08 MPa，是影响围岩稳定性的主要原因；（2）对不同支护方案巷道周边围岩应力场与塑性区分析表明，优化后支护方案垂直应力较原方案降低了 14%，塑性区范围缩小了 20%，“一体化”方案支护效果较好；（3）工业应用和锚杆（索）应力测试表明，当锚杆、锚索应力分别达到53.9 kN、389.12 kN时，较原方案提高了 14.6%和15.4%，受力效果较好，巷道变形在 30 d内控制在 200 mm内，较原方案下降了约 57%，实现了良好的支护效果。“一体化”支护形式可有效控制围岩变形，为类似地质条件的巷道支护提供参考。
- 深部软岩巷道 /
- “锚网索一体化”支护 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 现场监测
Abstract:
Deep mining faces problems such as high geostress and difficulties in tunnel support. The failure of the support structure of −590 m horizontal transport roadway in a coal mine in Shanxi Province leads to large deformation of roadway and has a great impact on underground safety production. Aiming at the problems existing in the original support scheme, this paper proposes the idea of “anchor net cable integration” support, and studies the destroy characteristics and control technology of roadway surrounding rock by means of field tests, numerical simulations and industrial experiments. The research showed that: (1) The horizontal principal stress of the surrounding rock of the roadway was higher, reaching 39.08 MPa, which was the main reason affecting the stability of the surrounding rock. (2) By analyzing the stress field and plastic zone of surrounding rock around roadway with different support schemes, the vertical stress of optimized support scheme was reduced by 14% compared with the original scheme, and the range of plastic zone was reduced by 20%. The support effect of “integrated” scheme was better. (3) Industrial application has been carried out. Through the stress test of anchor ropes (cables), when the stress of anchor ropes and cables reached 53.9 kN and 389.12 kN. Compared with the original plan, the increase was 14.6% and 15.4% respectively, and the stress effect was better. The deformation of the roadway was controlled within 200 mm within 30 days, which was about 57% lower than that of the original scheme, and good support effect was achieved. The “integrated” support form can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, which is a roadway with similar geological conditions.
- deep soft rock roadway /
- "anchor net cable integrated" support /
- numerical simulation /
- field monitoring

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图 1 原支护方案

Figure 1.

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图 2 钻孔窥视结果

Figure 2.

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图 3 巷道围岩变形破坏情况

Figure 3.

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图 4 锚网索一体化支护示意图

Figure 4.

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图 5 “一体化”支护方案

Figure 5.

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图 6 数值模型

Figure 6.

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图 7 巷道围岩垂直应力（单位: Pa）

Figure 7.

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图 8 原巷道围岩塑性区分布

Figure 8.

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图 9 围岩垂直应力场 (单位: Pa)

Figure 9.

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图 10 围岩塑性破坏分布

Figure 10.

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图 11 应力监测（a—锚杆监测应力；b—锚索监测应力）

Figure 11.

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表 1 工作面煤层顶底板特征

Table 1. Characteristics of coal seam roof and floor

顶底板名称	岩石名称	厚度/m	岩性特征
老顶	细粒砂岩	4.00	浅灰色，层理不清
直接顶	砂质泥岩	2.40	深灰色，层理不清
伪顶	炭质泥岩	0.40	深灰色，松软
直接底	泥岩	1.60	灰色及灰褐色
老底	砂质泥岩	8.00	顶部含植物化石及菱铁矿结核

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表 2 地应力测点数据

Table 2. Characteristics of coal seam roof and floor

测点	导孔深度	方位	仰角	岩性
−590 m运输巷	15.1 m	289°	22°	泥质砂岩

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表 3 原岩应力测量结果

Table 3. Stress measurement results of primary rock

主应力/MPa		主应力方向及夹角/(°)
主应力/MPa		倾角（向下为正）	方位角
	39.08	8.6	293.5
	27.25	81.0	96.4
	12.83	2.6	203.1
	26.36	/	/

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表 4 岩石力学物理参数

Table 4. Physical parameters of rock mechanics

名称	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	体积模量/GPa	切变模量/GPa	抗拉强度/MPa	内聚力度/MPa	内摩擦角/(°)
粉砂质泥岩	2670	7.0	5.1	2.85	5.65	44.56
已₁₆₋₁₇煤	1430	2.5	1.8	2.25	1.32	32.8
粉砂质泥岩	2675	6.8	5.1	2.84	5.63	44.35
泥岩	2600	5	2.3	2.77	3.17	47.85
已₁₅煤	1435	2.7	1.9	0.78	1.19	32.50
粉砂质泥岩	2670	6.8	5.3	2.79	5.52	47.62
炭质泥岩	2625	5.4	3.3	2.57	4.27	42.1
粉砂岩	2740	8.7	7.5	3.05	3.42	38.24
中粒砂岩	2870	9.2	7.7	4.38	3.17	35.12

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