Research Progress on the Preparation of High−Value Products with Iron Ore Tailings
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摘要:
随着我国绿色发展的实施推进，铁尾矿的资源化利用显得愈加重要。目前铁尾矿多用作建筑用砂、矿物掺合料等低附加值建筑材料，其利用潜力尚未充分开发，制备高附加值新型材料是今后铁尾矿利用研究的重点。综述了铁尾矿制备高附加值新型材料的研究进展，包括制备微晶玻璃、泡沫陶瓷、复相陶瓷、陶瓷玻化砖、保温隔热材料和电磁吸波建筑材料等新型建筑材料，絮凝剂、无机复合颜料、白炭黑等铁质化工产品，以及硅质介孔材料、高品质石英砂和农田土壤改良剂等。通过分析铁尾矿的矿物组成和物理化学性质，讨论了铁尾矿制备高附加值新型材料所面临的问题。为推动铁尾矿的资源化利用，建议根据铁尾矿的类型探索其合适的利用途径，并将大宗利用与高值化利用结合，在提高铁尾矿综合利用率的同时，不断提高产品的附加值，实现铁尾矿资源化的经济和环境等多重效益。
Abstract:With the implementation of China’s green development strategy, the resource utilization of iron ore tailings has become increasingly important. Nowadays, iron ore tailings are widely used to prepare construction materials such as building sand and mineral admixtures. Their resource potential is not fully developed, and the preparation of high−value products would become future research hotspots. This work reviews the research progress on the preparation of high−value novel materials from iron ore tailings, including novel construction materials such as glass−ceramics, foamed ceramics, composite ceramics, black vitrified bricks, thermal insulation composites, and microwave absorbing glass−ceramic tile, siliceous mesoporous materials, high purity quartz sand and agricultural soil amendment. Based on the mineral composition and characteristics of iron ore tailings, the challenges faced in the production of high−value novel materials are discussed. To promote the efficient utilization of iron ore tailings, it is recommended that suitable utilization modes should be explored based on the types of iron ore tailings. Large−scale utilization and high−value utilization should be considered simultaneously in the tailings resource process, to achieve both the high utilization rate of iron ore tailings and added−value of products. Thus, dual economic and environmental benefits can be obtained in resource utilization of iron ore tailings.
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Key words:
- iron ore tailings /
- resource utilization /
- novel materials /
- high−value utilization
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表 1 铁尾矿制备的白炭黑的工艺参数和性能
Table 1. Performance parameters of white carbon black prepared from iron tailings with different process conditions
铁尾矿来源 工艺参数 白炭黑性能 比表面积/粒径 SiO2含量 其他性能 辽宁某选矿厂[47] 900 ℃下煅烧5 h，而后在100 ℃下
加入NaOH及HCl化学沉淀6 h比表面积108.6 m2/g 94.25% 悬浮液pH=6.94 河北某钢厂[48] 850 ℃下加入Na2CO3碱熔煅烧2 h，
而后在60 ℃和pH=7条件下充分酸浸未提及 92.26% 硅元素提取率86.43% 鞍山钢铁集团[49] 铁尾矿的酸浸渣在90~120 ℃下加入
NaOH及HCl化学沉淀8 h粒径约150 nm 未提及 SiO2提取率63.48% 鞍山某选矿厂[46] 500 ℃下加入NaOH煅烧3 h，而后在110 ℃下
加入NaOH及HCl沉淀6 h比表面积108 m2/g 92.3% 1000 ℃下灼烧减量6.16%河北某选厂[50] 900 ℃下煅烧5 h，煅烧后的酸浸渣与NaOH在500 ℃下
再次煅烧50 min，而后加入NaCl及HCl充分反应1 h粒径50~100 nm 96.97% 白炭黑产率96.31% 祁东某尾矿库[51] 回转窑内直接还原后的高硅尾渣在108 ℃下
加入NaOH及HCl反应1 h粒径约50 nm 99.35% 微观形貌为葡萄状集合体 
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