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摘要:
为缓解深井开采高温热害，探明聚氯乙烯（PVC）充填体的隔热性能，对PVC粉末替代水泥掺量为0~20% 的充填体进行热重、导热系数、比热容测试及其微观形貌特征分析。结果表明：添加PVC粉末能改善充填体的隔热性能；PVC颗粒与充填体结合形成致密均匀的结构，但由于PVC的弱黏结性，过量的PVC粉末会使充填体各成分之间的黏结性丧失，内部孔隙和裂纹增多，降低充填体的抗压强度，且抗压强度随PVC粉末含量添加呈先增大后减小的趋势。在料浆质量浓度78%、灰砂比1∶4和PVC粉末替代水泥掺量为10% 的条件下，充填体性能最佳，此时抗压强度最大，为10.782 MPa，导热系数为0.921 W/（m·K）且降幅最大，比热容则为1.391 kJ/（kg·K）。本文分析了PVC粉末充填体的热学性能，为缓解深井开采热害提供新思路。
Abstract:In order to alleviate the heat damage caused by high temperature in deep wells and explore the thermal insulation performance of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) backfill, thermogravimetry, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and micro−morphology of the backfill with 0%~20% PVC powder were measured. The results showed that adding PVC powder can improve the thermal insulation performance of the backfill; PVC particles were combined with the backfill to form a dense and uniform structure. However, due to the weak adhesion of PVC, excessive PVC powder could lead to a loss of adhesion between the components of the backfill, an increase in internal pores and cracks, and a decrease in the compressive strength of the backfill. The compressive strength showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the content of PVC powder. Under the conditions of a slurry mass concentration of 78%, a cement to sand ratio of 1∶4, and a PVC powder replacement cement content of 10%, the backfill had the best performance. At that time, the compressive strength was the highest, at 10.782 MPa, the thermal conductivity was 0.921 W/(m·K), and the decrease was the largest. The specific heat capacity was 1.391 kJ/(kg·K).This article analyzed the thermal properties of PVC powder backfill, providing new ideas for alleviating thermal hazards in deep well mining.
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表 1 PVC粉末物理性质
Table 1. Physical properties of PVC powder
堆积密度/(g·cm−3) 相对黏度/(mL·g−1) 粒径大于250 μm/% 0.52 113.00 0.80 粒径小于3 μm/% 挥发物含量/% 残留单体/(μg·g−1) 98.80 0.08 1.00 
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