Study on the Occurrence of Associated Metals Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, U in the Tongguanshan Skarn Type Copper-Iron Deposit of Anhui Province Using Microscope and Electron Microprobe
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摘要:
安徽铜官山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床富含多种稀有贵金属金银铂钯和铀, 本文应用偏光显微镜与电子探针技术对该地区贵金属和铀矿物的含量、矿物种类、赋存状态及其嵌布特征进行研究, 并利用电子探针Th-U-Pb定年技术推测铀矿物的形成时期。研究表明:金主要以银金矿独立矿物存在, 成色均值约为638, 与铜的硫化物密切依存, 金矿物形成于成矿中晚期的中低温环境; 银的独立矿物有银金矿、碲银矿、辉银矿, 还与铜铋铅等以类质同象形式结合形成不同种类的矿物组合, 且含量在74.15%~0.12%不等; 铂钯矿物以含铂碲钯矿为主; 铀以晶质铀矿独立矿物存在且与磁铁矿密切依存, 晶质铀矿的形成年龄约为124±14 Ma, 晚于岩体形成年龄(约139 Ma), 早于黄铜矿和含金银铂钯等矿物, 而与磁铁矿同在燕山中晚期形成。结合镜下观察, 认为铜官山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床主要矿物生成顺序依次是:石榴子石-磁铁矿、晶质铀矿, 含金银铂钯矿物, 黄铜矿。本研究为贵金属选矿提供了线索, 同时利用晶质铀矿的年龄数据界定了伴生贵金属的形成年代。
Abstract:Many associated metals such as Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, and U have been found in the skarn type copper-iron deposit of Tongguanshan in Anhui. Combining microscope and Electron Microprobe (EPMA), the occurrence and distribution characteristics of these elements and calculations of the formation age of U-bearing minerals using EPMA for the first time is reported in this paper. The results show that Au exists as electrum and is related to copper sulfides and the average quality of gold is 638, indicating that gold minerals may have formed in the low temperature environment at the middle-late mineralization period. Ag occurs in different minerals and as the form of isomorphism of Cu, Te, Bi, Pb with Ag content from 74.15% to 0.12%. Pt and Pd occur as independent minerals such as platinum-bearing merenskyite. U occurs as uraninite and is associated with magnetite or occurs in the cracks of magnetite. Based on the Th-U-Pb system, the formation age of uraninite is 124±14 Ma, later than the rock (about 139 Ma), but earlier than the formation of copper and other minerals containing Au, Ag, Pt, Pb. Combining with the geological characteristics it is likely that uraninite and magnetite formed at the same time. Microscope observation shows that the paragentic sequence of minerals is garnet magnetite, uraninite, and minerals containing Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, and copper sulfides. This study provides clues for precious metal dressing, and the age of uraninite can constrain the formation age of the associated precious metals.
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表 1 金银互化物电子探针成分分析结果
Table 1. Analytical result of the Au-bearing minerals by EPMA
元素 元素含量(%) 1※ 2※ 3※ 5※ 6※ 15※ 18※ 20※ 24※ 39※ 40※ 44※ Au 66.85 56.29 68.85 62.28 57.79 65.01 60.75 60.53 19.48 60.90 65.23 55.42 Ag 30.80 38.02 23.96 33.94 36.99 31.41 35.18 33.61 15.34 35.19 32.27 42.81 Cu 0.42 3.18 4.17 1.61 3.33 3.17 3.55 5.55 4.83 2.99 0.48 0.55 Fe 0.29 1.68 0.96 1.14 1.16 0.04 0.49 0.82 0.67 0.45 0.25 0.51 Cr 0 0.38 0.18 0.22 0.18 0.20 0.08 0.26 0.21 0.09 0.22 0.19 Mn 0 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bi - - - - - - - - 2.10 - - - Te - - - - - - - - 56.22 - - - 总计 98.36 99.59 98.12 99.19 99.45 99.83 100.05 100.77 98.85 99.62 98.45 99.48 分子式 Ag0.46Au0.54 Ag0.55Au0.45 Ag0.39Au0.61 Ag0.50Au0.50 Ag0.39Au0.61 Ag0.33Au0.67 Ag0.37Au0.63 Ag0.36Au0.64 Au0.86Ag1.29Te4 Ag0.51Au0.49 Ag0.33Au0.67 Ag0.44Au0.56 定名 银金矿 银金矿 银金矿 银金矿 银金矿 银金矿 银金矿 银金矿 针碲金银矿 银金矿 银金矿 银金矿 金成色 684.6 596.9 741.8 647.3 609.7 674.2 633.3 643.0 559.4 633.8 669 564.2 注:第一次检测为电子探针光片,原始编号未标注※;第二次检测为电子探针光薄片,原始编号标注※。“-”表示元素未测。表 2标注同此。 表 2 含银矿物成分电子探针分析结果
Table 2. Analytical results of the Ag-bearing minerals by EPMA
元素 元素含量(%) 4 8 9 15 17※ 23※ 25※ 26※ 28※ 41※ 42※ 43※ 47※ Bi 52.77 40.42 0.02 57.91 42.22 - - 0.10 41.90 0.27 - - 42.96 Fe 3.88 1.72 1.83 - 0.79 0.58 0.66 7.41 1.22 11.44 29.06 0.74 0.08 Pb - 38.06 0.04 - - - - 0.04 - - - 80.02 - S 0.29 17.12 19.30 16.12 18.56 0.04 0.04 0.51 19.26 24.36 34.28 12.39 19.54 Te 41.85 0.15 1.045 0.33 - 37.46 37.85 34.36 0.02 - - 0.04 0.17 Cu - - 3.80 - 38.18 0.20 0.17 0.55 37.94 55.53 33.30 1.62 36.35 Ag 0.25 3.53 74.15 26.63 0.12 59.63 60.47 55.60 0.13 7.06 1.54 5.72 0.17 Se - - - - 0.19 - 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.39 0.02 Cr - - - - - 0.68 - - - - - - - Zn - - - - - - 0.05 0.06 0.02 - 0.07 0.01 0.05 总计 99.04 101.00 100.18 100.99 100.06 98.59 99.32 98.66 100.56 98.70 98.30 100.93 99.34 化学式 Bi2.29Te3 2Pb0.94S.Bi1.88S3 Ag1.08S Ag1.12Bi0.98S2 3Cu2S.Bi1.95S3 Ag1.86Te Ag1.86Te Ag1.96Fe0.48Te 3Cu2S.Bi1.95S3 Cu4.68Fe1.07S4 CuFeS2 Pb0.97Ag0.14S 3Cu1.86S.Bi2.05S3 定名 含银碲铋矿 含银斜方辉 辉银矿 硫铅铋银矿 含银硫铋 碲银矿 碲银矿 含铁碲银矿 含银硫 含银 含银 含银 含银硫 铅铋矿 (硫银铋矿) 铜矿 铋铜矿 斑铜矿 黄铜矿 方铅矿 铋铜矿 -
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