我国东部农村地区土壤及水环境中全氟化合物的组成特征和来源初探

陈舒; 焦杏春; 盖楠; 殷效彩; 朴海涛; 路国慧; 李小洁; 饶竹; 杨永亮

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2015.05.014

我国东部农村地区土壤及水环境中全氟化合物的组成特征和来源初探

1.
国家地质实验测试中心, 北京 100037

2.
青岛大学化学化工和环境学院, 山东青岛 266071

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41003044);中国地质调查局工作项目(1212011220058, 1212011301520)

详细信息

作者简介: 陈舒, 博士研究生, 环境地球化学专业. E-mail: chen1987shu@126.com.

通讯作者: 杨永亮, 研究员, 主要从事环境地球化学研究工作. E-mail: ylyang2003@163.com.

中图分类号: S151.93;P641;O613.41

收稿日期: 2015-03-31

修回日期: 2015-07-16

录用日期: 2015-09-05

刊出日期: 2015-05-25

Composition and Source of Perfluorinated Compounds in Soil and Waters from the Rural Areas in Eastern China

1.
National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China

2.
College of Environmental Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Yong-liang, ylyang2003@163.com

Received Date: 31 March 2015

Revised Date: 16 July 2015

Accepted Date: 05 September 2015

Publish Date: 25 May 2015

摘要

摘要:
关于全氟化合物(PFCs)在我国农村环境中的分布还未见相关的报道。本文利用固相萃取分离富集结合高效液相色谱-电喷雾负电离源串联质谱法分析我国东部8个农村地区土壤、地表水、地下水样品中17种PFCs的污染水平和组成特征, 并利用比值法初步判定了水环境中PFCs的污染来源。结果显示, 土壤中全氟羧酸类以PFOA为主(0.34~14.5 ng/g), 全氟烷基磺酸类以PFOS为主(0.02~0.08 ng/g); 地表水中PFCs以PFOA、PFHxA、PFOS和PFBA为主(4.8~29.6、0.73~31.8、nd~7.1和nd~6.1 ng/L); 地下水中PFCs主要为PFOA、PFHxA、PFBA(nd~176、nd~50.1和0.08~16.1 ng/L)。土壤及水环境中PFCs总体上呈现从南到北递减的趋势; 地表水中PFCs污染源大致分为生活污水和大气沉降两大类, 其中大气沉降的贡献较大。
- 全氟化合物 /
- 土壤 /
- 地下水和地表水 /
- 组成特征 /
- 来源解析 /
- 东部地区
Abstract:
At present, little research on perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) has been carried out in rural areas. To better determine the pollution level and the geographical distribution of PFC in rural areas, soils, surface waters, and groundwaters were collected from 8 rural areas in eastern China. Seventeen PFC compounds were analyzed using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and LC-MS-MS. The sources of PFCs are determined by compound ratios. Results show that PFOA (0.34-14.5 ng/g) is the dominant perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and PFOS (0.02-0.08 ng/g) is the dominant perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) in the soils. PFCs in surface water are mainly PFOA (4.8-29.6 ng/L), PFHxA (0.73-31.8 ng/L), PFOS (nd-7.1 ng/L), and PFBA (nd-6.1 ng/L). PFOA (nd-176 ng/L), PFHxA (nd-50.1 ng/L), and PFBA (0.08-16.1 ng/L) are the dominant PFCs in groundwater. PFCs in soil and groundwater decrease from south to north. Two main sources of PFCs are domestic sewer and atmospheric precipitations, of which atmospheric precipitations have a greater contribution.
- Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) /
- soil /
- surface water and groundwater /
- composition characteristics /
- source identification /
- eastern China region

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图 1 我国东部地区农村土壤、地表水(b)、地下水(c)中主要PFCs浓度组成分布

Figure 1.

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图 2 不同地区水环境中PFCs组成特征

Figure 2.

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图 3 各比值判别污染源示意图(降水数据来自文献[24])

Figure 3.

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表 1 东部地区土壤和水样中PFCs的检出限、回收率和检出率

Table 1. The detection limits, recoveries and the detection rates of PFCs in soil and water samples from the rural areas in the eastern China

化合物		检出限		回收率(%)		检出率(%)
化合物		土壤 (ng/g)	水样 (ng/L)	土壤	水样	土壤	地表水	地下水
PFCAs	PFBA	0.05	0.2	57.8	92.0	97(30)	87(13)	60(30)
	PFPeA	0.1	0.4	60.1	91.5	94(29)	67(10)	28(14)
	PFHxA	0.1	0.4	59.5	89.2	87(27)	100(15)	32(16)
	PFHpA	0.25	1.0	62.6	90.6	77(24)	87(13)	34(17)
	PFOA	0.05	0.2	73.8	85.9	100(31)	100(15)	58(29)
	PFNA	0.05	0.2	71.2	96.1	90(28)	100(15)	36(18)
	PFDA	0.25	1.0	66.5	85.3	97(30)	60(9)	22(11)
	PFUnDA	0.1	0.4	69.7	82.1	100(31)	20(3)	10(5)
	PFDoDA	0.25	1.0	62.2	67.3	81(25)	0(0)	0(0)
	PFTrDA	0.25	1.0	51.5	41.5	87(27)	7(1)	2(1)
	PFTeDA	0.1	0.4	59.6	28.3	65(20)	7(1)	6(3)
	PFHxDA	0.1	0.4	84.7	86.6	90(28)	0(0)	0(0)
	PFOcDA	0.1	0.4	88.8	58.0	81(25)	0(0)	0(0)
PFASAs	PFBS	0.25	1.0	65.8	93.5	42(13)	40(6)	24(12)
	PFHxS	0.25	1.0	69.5	95.8	45(14)	47(7)	10(5)
	PFOS	0.25	1.0	72.0	96.1	71(22)	67(10)	16(8)
	PFDS	0.25	1.0	61.7	75.7	90(28)	7(1)	2(1)
注：括号内数字为检出样品数。

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