包头市典型工业区表层土壤中重金属污染状况及其潜在生态风险研究

孙鹏; 李艳伟; 张连科; 李玉梅; 王维大; 余维佳

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.04.016

包头市典型工业区表层土壤中重金属污染状况及其潜在生态风险研究

1.
内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院, 内蒙古自治区包头 014010

2.
包头市辐射环境管理处, 内蒙古自治区包头 014010

基金项目:
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2015MS0408)

详细信息

作者简介: 孙鹏,在读博士研究生,讲师,主要从事土壤化学与污染修复工作。E-mail:sp_five666@163.com

通讯作者: 张连科,在读博士研究生,副教授,主要从事土壤化学与污染修复工作。E-mail:lkzhang@imust.cn

中图分类号: X821

收稿日期: 2015-11-08

修回日期: 2016-05-28

录用日期: 2016-06-29

Heavy Metal Pollution in Topsoil from the Baotou Industry Area and Its Potential Ecological Risk Evaluation

1.
School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China

2.
Baotou Radiation Environment Management Office, Baotou 014010, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Lian-ke ZHANG, lkzhang@imust.cn

Received Date: 08 November 2015

Revised Date: 28 May 2016

Accepted Date: 29 June 2016

摘要

摘要: 为了解包头市典型工业企业对其所在地土壤中重金属含量的影响及污染现状，利用相关性系数对其表层土壤中7种重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Mn、Ni）来源进行研究，并采用内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数对其污染状况进行评价。结果表明，7种重金属含量平均值均高于内蒙古土壤背景值，其中Cd、Mn、Ni超标率已达100%，而Cu、Pb、Zn的超标率分别为97%、93%和93%，只有Cr超标率较低（53%），污染程度依次为Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn > Mn > Cr，其中Pb和Cd为重度污染，Cu、Zn、Ni为中度污染，Cr、Mn为轻度污染；Cu、Zn、Cr、Mn、Ni可能同时来自工业生产和交通运输两个源，而Pb和Cd除上述来源外，燃煤烟气的排放有较大贡献。潜在生态危害依次为Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr > Zn > Mn，其中Cd的潜在生态风险最大，应予以高度重视，其他金属的风险均为轻微。
- 典型工业区 /
- 重金属 /
- 污染评价 /
- 来源分析 /
- 包头市
Abstract: In order to understand the effect of industrial pollution in the Baotou industrial areas on heavy metal content in soils, correlation analysis was used to study the source of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Mn, and Ni. The heavy metal pollution in the soils was assessed using the methods of Nemerow index and Hakanson's ecological risk index. The results show that the contents of these seven heavy metals are higher than the background values of soils in Inner Mongolia. The exceeding ratios of Cd, Mn, Ni contents in soil are 100%, and Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr were 97%, 93%, 93%, 53%, respectively. The pollution degree of single elements showed the order of Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn > Mn > Cr. Pb and Cd are strong pollution elements, whereas Cu, Zn, Ni are moderate pollution elements,Cr, Mn are minor pollution elements. The main sources of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, Ni) in soils of the industrial district were industrial pollutant discharge and transportation. Excluding the two sources mentioned previously, Pb and Cd are mainly attributed to the emissions of coal-fired flue gas. The potential ecological risk has the order of Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr > Zn > Mn. Among them, Cd is the most harmful heavy metal pollutant and should be addressed.
- typical industrial area /
- heavy metals /
- pollution evaluation /
- source analysis /
- Baotou city

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图 1 采样点分布示意图

Figure 1.

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图 2 潜在生态风险评价图

Figure 2.

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表 1 典型工业区土壤重金属含量

Table 1. Contents of heavy metals in soils of typical industrial

元素	背景值(mg/kg)	工业区平均值(mg/kg)	标准差	偏度	峰度	变异系数	超标率(%)
Cu	12.9	38.44	41.78	3.93	17.4	1.09	0.97
Zn	48.6	99.20	48.09	1.15	0.73	0.48	0.93
Pb	15.0	55.06	41.50	1.53	1.57	0.75	0.93
Cr	36.5	40.58	17.73	2.32	1.80	0.44	0.53
Cd	0.037	0.51	0.50	1.69	6.79	0.97	1.00
Mn	446.0	714.86	217.17	0.60	-0.84	0.30	1.00
Ni	17.3	45.02	11.43	1.32	2.02	0.25	1.00

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表 2 典型工业区7种重金属相关性分析

Table 2. Relativity analysis of heavy metals in the typical industrial area of Baotou city

元素	Cu	Zn	Pb	Cr	Cd	Mn	Ni
Cu	1
Zn	0.452^*	1
Pb	0.359	0.646^**	1
Cr	0.603^**	0.423^*	0.287	1
Cd	0.204	0.089	0.681^**	0.07	1
Mn	0.514^**	0.704^**	0.376^*	0.548^**	-0.023	1
Ni	0.233	0.455^*	0.279	0.448^*	0.059	0.422^*	1
注：“”表示在置信度(双测)为 0.05 时，相关性是显著的；“*”表示在置信度(双测)为 0.01 时，相关性是较显著的。

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表 3 包头市典型工业区污染评级及潜在生态风险评价

Table 3. Pollution index and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in typical industrial area of Baotou city

元素	污染评价		潜在生态风险评价
元素	数值	污染等级	数值	风险等级
Cu	2.98	中污染	14.90	轻微
Zn	2.04	中污染	2.04	轻微
Pb	3.67	重污染	18.35	轻微
Cr	1.11	轻污染	2.22	轻微
Cd	13.90	重污染	416.99	极强
Mn	1.60	轻污染	1.60	轻微
Ni	2.60	中污染	13.01	轻微
综合评价	10.25	重污染	469.11	强

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